Tricky Conceptual Question Regarding Mass Rotating Horizontally from StringHELP

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the dynamics of a point mass attached to a string, specifically when the mass swings in a horizontal circle. The participant correctly identifies that when the mass swings fast enough, the angle \(\theta\) approaches zero, making the string appear horizontal. However, it is established that while the tension force provides the necessary centripetal force, it also has a vertical component that counteracts gravity. Therefore, it is physically impossible for the string to be completely horizontal, as the vertical component of tension must always balance the gravitational force acting on the mass.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of free body diagrams in physics
  • Knowledge of centripetal force and its equation: \(F_{\text{centripetal}} = \frac{m v^2}{r}\)
  • Familiarity with the concepts of tension and gravitational forces
  • Basic principles of circular motion in mechanics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the relationship between tension and centripetal force in circular motion
  • Explore the implications of angular velocity on tension in a string
  • Learn about the conditions for equilibrium in dynamic systems
  • Investigate the effects of varying mass and radius on centripetal acceleration
USEFUL FOR

Students preparing for AP Physics C Mechanics, physics educators, and anyone interested in understanding the principles of circular motion and tension in strings.

spikey151
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Homework Statement



Okay, so this is more of a conceptual question. Imagine there is a point mass of mass "m" at the end of a string and the other end of the string is secured.

At first, when the point mass and string is just hanging vertically with the mass at the bottom and the string secured at the top, the free body diagram of the mass would just be a force of gravity downward and a tension force upward, counteracting the gravity force right?

Then, consider that the mass begins swinging around in a circle horizontally so that the string is at an angle [tex]\theta[/tex] from the horizontal. Now if you draw a free body diagram from a side-view, the tension force is acting diagonally and the force of gravity is still acting downward. If tension force = T, then:
[tex]\sum[/tex]Fy = T*sin[tex]\theta[/tex] - mg = 0 and
[tex]\sum[/tex]Fx = T*cos[tex]\theta[/tex] = Fcentripetal

So here's my main question, if the mass is swinging around in a circle fast enough (in other words, if the tangential speed is large enough) then the string would become horizontal correct, also meaning angle [tex]\theta[/tex] equals zero? (correct me if I'm wrong) Now when the free body diagram is drawn, there is a horizontal tension force and a vertical gravity force. The horizontal tension force provides the required centripetal force for circular motion of the mass, but now what force is counteracting the force of gravity? The sum of all the vertical forces, which should be zero because the mass does not fall or have any vertical acceleration, would only involve force of gravity.

Homework Equations



Fcentripetal = m*v2/r

The Attempt at a Solution



I do have one theory, which I'm not very sure about: Is it technically or physically impossible for the string to be completely horizontal? It only seems horizontal because the centripetal force (aka the horizontal component of the tension force) becomes so large that the gravitational force (aka the vertical component of the tension force) becomes negligible. But if this is the case, then when drawing the free-body diagram for the situation, is it physically incorrect if, along with the vertically downward force of gravity, a horizontal tension force is drawn acting on the mass?

Any help would be appreciated, I have the AP physics C mechanics test tomorrow -,-.
 
Last edited:
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Does nobody have any idea?? T_T
 


Yes, it's physically impossible for the string to be horizontal in this scenario. You can draw a horizontal tension component, but the tension force also has a vertical component.
 

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