Trying to build an ultrasonic drill

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on building an ultrasonic drill for creating holes in silicon wafers, utilizing a piezoelectric transducer rated at 28 KHz, a step horn made from aluminum, and a hollow metal drill bit. The user plans to purchase a 60W ultrasonic driver for $30 and is concerned about matching resonant frequencies, as even a 0.5 KHz deviation can significantly affect impedance. The user seeks advice on tuning frequency and measuring impedance, emphasizing the importance of understanding sound wave propagation in different materials, specifically aluminum.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of piezoelectric transducers and their specifications
  • Knowledge of ultrasonic frequency and its effects on impedance
  • Familiarity with horn design principles in ultrasonic applications
  • Basic electronics skills for working with ultrasonic drivers
NEXT STEPS
  • Research methods for tuning ultrasonic frequencies and measuring impedance
  • Explore horn engineering principles and calculations for optimal design
  • Investigate the properties of sound waves in different materials, particularly aluminum
  • Learn about the construction and operation of ultrasonic drivers
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for hobbyists, engineers, and researchers interested in ultrasonic technology, particularly those involved in DIY projects related to precision drilling and materials science.

K_Mitchell
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I'm attempting to build an ultrasonic drill to make holes in silicon wafers, since we don't have the budget to buy one in our lab. From what (I think) I know, ultrasonic drills can either work by the "jackhammer" motion of a free floating mass which I don't know how to make, or by the transfer of the ultrasonic frequency to an abrasive slurry. I want to make the latter type.

From what I gathered online, I think I'll need the following components:

1) Piezoelectric transducer. I found a 70W transducer that works at 28 KHz for about $40.
2) Horn. This transfers the vibrations from the transducer to the drill bit. I'm planning to have a "step horn" milled for me at our machine shop out of aluminum. This type amplifies the vibrations. Its length is critical to reduce the impedence, and should be roughly half a wavelength long as a general rule of thumb.
3) Drill bit. For the 1 mm holes I'm planning to drill, the best "bit" appears to be a hollow metal cylinder that I can solder to the small end of the horn.
4) Ultrasonic driver. My electronics knowledge is very limited, so I'm planning to just buy one off Ebay for $30. I found a 60W, 28 KHz driver that works for 110V.

What I'm worried about most is matching the resonant frequencies. I'm trying to follow this instructional the best I can: http://www.imajeenyus.com/electronics/20110514_power_ultrasonic_driver/index.shtml. Apparently, transducers that are rated at 28 KHz might be off by like 0.5 KHz, and this small difference can have a huge effect on the impedance as you can see from the plots on this website. The author apparently has a way to measure the impedance and tune the frequency so that the impedance is minimized. If I buy the 28 KHz driver (the author built their own), what's the cheapest thing I can buy that will let me tune this up and down, and measure the impedance?

Also, when I look up the wavelength of a 28 KHz wave (http://www.csgnetwork.com/freqwavelengthcalc.html), I see numbers like 5000 meters for half a wavelength. However, the author's horn is only 95 mm long. Clearly, there's something about waves I don't understand and I would appreciate any answers for this discrepancy.
 
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Do you guys think this topic is better off in the electrical engineering forums? It's a combination of mechanical, electrical, and physics so I wasn't quite sure where to post it.
 
Try calculating the wavelength for sound, rather than light.
 
Did that and found the number was still an order of magnitude off. Then I realized this value was through air rather than aluminum. When the speed of sound through aluminum was used, I got the correct value. Thanks! I also found an excellent paper on horn engineering with easy to perform calculations.

Still need help with finding what I can use for fine-tuning the frequency and measuring the impedance.
 

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