Trying to build an ultrasonic drill

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the construction of an ultrasonic drill intended for creating holes in silicon wafers. Participants explore the necessary components, design considerations, and technical challenges associated with building this device, including resonant frequency matching and impedance measurement.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant outlines their plan to build an ultrasonic drill, detailing components such as a piezoelectric transducer, horn, drill bit, and ultrasonic driver.
  • Concerns are raised about matching resonant frequencies, with a specific reference to the potential frequency deviation of transducers rated at 28 KHz.
  • A request is made for recommendations on affordable tools for tuning frequency and measuring impedance.
  • Another participant suggests that the topic may be more suitable for the electrical engineering forums due to its interdisciplinary nature.
  • A participant points out the need to calculate the wavelength for sound in different materials, specifically aluminum, rather than air, to resolve discrepancies in expected horn length.
  • One participant finds a relevant paper on horn engineering that includes useful calculations.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of understanding regarding the calculations involved in ultrasonic drilling and the appropriate forum for discussion. There is no consensus on the best method for tuning frequency and measuring impedance, as this remains an open question.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the importance of material properties (e.g., speed of sound in aluminum vs. air) in their calculations, indicating potential limitations in their initial assumptions. The discussion also highlights the complexity of integrating mechanical and electrical engineering principles in the design of the ultrasonic drill.

K_Mitchell
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I'm attempting to build an ultrasonic drill to make holes in silicon wafers, since we don't have the budget to buy one in our lab. From what (I think) I know, ultrasonic drills can either work by the "jackhammer" motion of a free floating mass which I don't know how to make, or by the transfer of the ultrasonic frequency to an abrasive slurry. I want to make the latter type.

From what I gathered online, I think I'll need the following components:

1) Piezoelectric transducer. I found a 70W transducer that works at 28 KHz for about $40.
2) Horn. This transfers the vibrations from the transducer to the drill bit. I'm planning to have a "step horn" milled for me at our machine shop out of aluminum. This type amplifies the vibrations. Its length is critical to reduce the impedence, and should be roughly half a wavelength long as a general rule of thumb.
3) Drill bit. For the 1 mm holes I'm planning to drill, the best "bit" appears to be a hollow metal cylinder that I can solder to the small end of the horn.
4) Ultrasonic driver. My electronics knowledge is very limited, so I'm planning to just buy one off Ebay for $30. I found a 60W, 28 KHz driver that works for 110V.

What I'm worried about most is matching the resonant frequencies. I'm trying to follow this instructional the best I can: http://www.imajeenyus.com/electronics/20110514_power_ultrasonic_driver/index.shtml. Apparently, transducers that are rated at 28 KHz might be off by like 0.5 KHz, and this small difference can have a huge effect on the impedance as you can see from the plots on this website. The author apparently has a way to measure the impedance and tune the frequency so that the impedance is minimized. If I buy the 28 KHz driver (the author built their own), what's the cheapest thing I can buy that will let me tune this up and down, and measure the impedance?

Also, when I look up the wavelength of a 28 KHz wave (http://www.csgnetwork.com/freqwavelengthcalc.html), I see numbers like 5000 meters for half a wavelength. However, the author's horn is only 95 mm long. Clearly, there's something about waves I don't understand and I would appreciate any answers for this discrepancy.
 
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Do you guys think this topic is better off in the electrical engineering forums? It's a combination of mechanical, electrical, and physics so I wasn't quite sure where to post it.
 
Try calculating the wavelength for sound, rather than light.
 
Did that and found the number was still an order of magnitude off. Then I realized this value was through air rather than aluminum. When the speed of sound through aluminum was used, I got the correct value. Thanks! I also found an excellent paper on horn engineering with easy to perform calculations.

Still need help with finding what I can use for fine-tuning the frequency and measuring the impedance.
 

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