Ultraclean graphene, electrical and thermal conductivity

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Ultraclean graphene exhibits a quantum critical Dirac fluid state near the Dirac point, where both charge and heat flow can be characterized by specific conductivity values. Researchers have confirmed that electrical and thermal conductivities in high-quality graphene devices are inversely related, aligning with predictions from relativistic hydrodynamics. A significant finding is the violation of the Wiedemann–Franz law, with the Lorentz number exceeding classical expectations by over 200 times at low temperatures. Additionally, at high temperatures, the ratio of dynamic viscosity to entropy density in these devices approaches that of a minimally viscous quantum fluid. These results enhance the understanding of graphene's unique properties and its behavior under quantum critical conditions.
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Universality in quantum critical flow of charge and heat in ultraclean graphene​

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-02972-z

Abstract - Close to the Dirac point, graphene is expected to exist in a quantum critical Dirac fluid state, where the flow of both charge and heat can be described with a characteristic d.c. electrical conductivity and thermodynamic variables such as entropy and enthalpy densities. Although the fluid-like viscous flow of charge has been reported in state-of-the-art graphene devices, the value of conductivity, predicted to be quantized and determined only by the universality class of the critical point, has not been established experimentally so far. Here we have discerned the quantum critical universality in graphene transport by combining the electrical and thermal conductivities in very high-quality devices close to the Dirac point. We find that they are inversely related, as expected from relativistic hydrodynamics, and the characteristic conductivity converges to a quantized value. We also observe a giant violation of the Wiedemann–Franz law, where the Lorentz number exceeds the semiclassical value by more than 200 times close to the Dirac point at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the effective dynamic viscosity to entropy density ratio close to the Dirac point in the cleanest devices approaches that of a minimally viscous quantum fluid within a factor of four.

Some articles indicate that graphene broke a fundamental law. It didn't. It did something unexpected or otherwise, not fully understood.
 
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Yikes. I'm not understanding that abstract. Can you summarize what they found?
 
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