Pressure, Viscosity, Thermal conduction?

In summary, in an inviscid flow, pressure is comunicated to other parts of the fluid through molecular collisions.
  • #1
Raptor01601
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I have been reading a number of aerodynamic texts, and it seems that everything in a fluid (gas) is transmitted by molecular collisions.

Pressure is a result of molecules colliding with each other and the walls of a container

Viscosity is caused by collisions between molecules in layers of fluid with different velocity

Thermal energy is "conducted" thru a gas by more energetic molecules colliding with less energetic molecules.

Is there anything that is communicated by some other "transport" mechanism in a fluid besides collisions?
I know that liquids have intermolecular forces because of how close the molecules are.

Since there is only two ways that a fluid can communicate forces to a body immersed in it 1) Normal Forces (pressure) 2) Tangential Forces (shear - friction)

In an "in-viscous " flow, you would still have fluid pressure caused by collisions, I assume that I could make the following argument:

If I was to make a fluid element my "control volume" then all collisions in my control volume would be "pressure communicating collisions, only if a property such as energy or momentum is "transported" outside my control volume would I say that thermal conduction or viscosity has been enabled.

Is this a proper analogy?
 
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  • #2
That seems about right. Heat conduction and viscosity are interactions at the CV boundary.

Heat conduction implies a thermal gradient across some boundary, otherwise the fluid would simply transport energy by bulk transport.

Certainly, pressure, heat conduction and viscosity are all related to atomic collisions, and remembering back to elastic collisions, momentum is transferred from higher momentum/energy to lower momentum/energy.
 
  • #3
Thermal fluid problem can be studies in two scales, macro and micro.

If you try to study the problem in micro scale, there is no pressure, temperature, viscosity and so on. There is only kinetic energy of molecules in three directions.

Normally, we study the problem in macro scale, in stead of kinetic energy of single molecule. We use pressure, temperature...to define the properties of a bulk fluid or gas. Therefore, when you use pressure, temperature, and so on properties, even though you know these are results of molecular collision, but you don't need to think about the problem in micro-scale.

Rocketa
 
  • #4
So when they talk about inviscid flow, are they just talking about the shear stress potion of the collision?

Even in inviscid flow you would still have to have collsions, otherwise how would pressure be comunicated to other parts of the fluid? Sound is also comunicated (propagated) through a fluid as a result of collsions. So, is it correct to say that an "inviscid model" just ignores the shear stress part of the collision? but still allows other properties (sound, pressure) to be comunicated?
 

1. What is pressure and how is it measured?

Pressure is the force exerted per unit area. It is typically measured in units of Pascals (Pa), which is equivalent to one Newton per square meter (N/m^2). Pressure can also be measured in atmospheres (atm), millimeters of mercury (mmHg), or pounds per square inch (psi).

2. How does viscosity affect the flow of liquids and gases?

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. A higher viscosity means the fluid is more resistant to flow, while a lower viscosity means the fluid flows more easily. This can affect the speed and efficiency of flow in liquids and gases, as well as the amount of energy required for the fluid to flow.

3. What factors affect the thermal conductivity of a material?

The thermal conductivity of a material is affected by several factors, including its physical properties (such as density and molecular structure), temperature, and the presence of impurities or defects. Generally, materials with higher thermal conductivity will conduct heat more easily and efficiently.

4. How does thermal conduction differ from thermal convection?

Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid material, while thermal convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid (such as air or water). In thermal convection, the warmer fluid rises and the cooler fluid sinks, creating a convection current that transfers heat.

5. Why is thermal conduction important in everyday life?

Thermal conduction is important in everyday life because it is the process by which heat is transferred from one object to another. This allows us to cook food, heat our homes, and keep our electronics from overheating. Understanding thermal conduction also helps us design more efficient and effective heating and cooling systems.

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