Understanding Lusin's Theorem for $\mathbb{R}$ and Its Proof

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on Lusin's Theorem for measurable functions defined on the real numbers, specifically addressing the existence of a sequence of continuous functions that converge to a given measurable function almost everywhere. The proof utilizes the Approximation Theorem, simple functions, and Egorov's Theorem to establish that for any measurable function \( f : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} \), there exists a closed set \( F \) where \( f \) is continuous and the measure of the complement is arbitrarily small. The construction of the continuous function \( g \) is detailed, demonstrating that \( g \) matches \( f \) on \( F \) and is continuous on \( \mathbb{R} \).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Lusin's Theorem
  • Familiarity with measurable functions
  • Knowledge of Egorov's Theorem
  • Basic concepts of pointwise and uniform convergence
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the Approximation Theorem in measure theory
  • Explore Egorov's Theorem and its applications
  • Learn about pointwise versus uniform convergence of functions
  • Investigate the implications of Lusin's Theorem in functional analysis
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, particularly those specializing in real analysis, measure theory, and functional analysis, will benefit from this discussion, as well as students seeking to understand the implications of Lusin's Theorem in the context of measurable functions.

joypav
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Problem:
Let $f : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be measurable. Then there exists a sequence of continuous functions $(g_n)$ such that $limg_n(x)$ exists for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$ and $limg_n(x) = f(x)$ a.e. x.

Is this like Lusin's Theorem? Lusin's theorem for the real numbers? If so, how does this change the proof?
 
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Here is my proof (posting for completeness but if you have corrections feel free to comment!).

Proof:
Apply the Approximation Theorem to $f$.
Let $(f_n)$ be a sequence of simple functions such that $f_n \rightarrow f$ point wise.
For every $n \in \Bbb{N}$, let
$F_n \subset E$ be closed such that $m(R - F_n) < \frac{\epsilon}{2^k}$ such that $f_n |_{F_n}$ is continuous.
(By Egorov's) $\implies \exists B \subset R$ such that $m(B) < \epsilon$ and $f_n \rightarrow f$ uniformly on $R - B$.
WLOG, assume $B$ is open.
Then $R - B$ is closed.
Let $F_0 = R - B$.

Claim: $f |_{F_\infty}$ is continuous.
A uniformly convergent sequence of continuous functions is continuous
$\implies f |_{F_\infty} = F_0 \cap \cap_{k}F_k$ is continuous.
Then,
$m(E - F_\infty) \leq \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}m(E - F_n) < 2\epsilon$
$\implies$ We've found $F \subset R$ closed such that $m(R - F) < \epsilon$ and $f |_F$ is continuous.

Now, consider our set F.
$\exists G_1, G_2,...$ open and pairwise disjoint such that $F^c = \cup_{i \in \Bbb{N}}G_i$.

Let $G_i = (a_i, b_i)$. Let,
$g(x) = $
$f(x), x \in F$
$(\frac{b_i - x}{b_i - a_i})f(a_i) + (\frac{x - a_i}{b_i - a_i})f(b_i), x \in (a_i, b_i)$

Then,
$f |_F$ continuous $\implies g |_F$ is continuous.
We extend $g$ so that it is also continuous on $F^c$ by the definition for $g$ given.
We conclude that,
$g : R \rightarrow R$ is continuous and $g |_F = f$.
 

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