Understanding Magnetic Quantum Numbers: Demystifying the Concept for Students

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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on the concept of magnetic quantum numbers, particularly in the context of atomic behavior in magnetic and electric fields. Participants explore the definitions and implications of magnetic quantum numbers, orbital quantum numbers, and their relationship to electron motion and external fields. The conversation includes both theoretical and conceptual aspects, with participants seeking clarity on these quantum mechanical concepts.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses confusion about the magnetic quantum number and its relation to external magnetic fields and the magnetic fields produced by electrons themselves.
  • Another participant explains that the magnetic quantum number arises from the response of electrons to magnetic and electric fields, referencing phenomena like spectral splitting and the Stern-Gerlach experiment.
  • There is a discussion about the coupling of electron spins and the classical analogy of spinning objects inducing magnetic fields, although the nature of electron spin is noted to be non-classical.
  • A participant seeks clarification on the definition of the orbital quantum number and questions whether the term "magnetic" in magnetic quantum numbers refers to external fields or internal electron motions.
  • One participant provides links to mathematical derivations related to orbital angular momentum in quantum mechanics and discusses the symmetry reasons for the existence of orbital magnetic quantum numbers.
  • It is noted that in the presence of external fields, energy levels split according to magnetic quantum numbers, which is tied to the response of the system to these fields.
  • Another participant introduces a different topic regarding the REMPI scheme and poses questions about the intensity of light required for different types of REMPI processes.
  • A separate inquiry about the differences between diabatic and adiabatic models in molecular dynamics is also raised.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying degrees of understanding and confusion regarding the definitions and implications of magnetic quantum numbers and their relationship to external and internal magnetic fields. There is no consensus on the clarity of these concepts, and multiple viewpoints are presented without resolution.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the need for clearer definitions and explanations regarding the terms used in quantum mechanics, particularly concerning the magnetic quantum number and its implications in different contexts. The discussion reflects a range of assumptions and interpretations that remain unresolved.

Who May Find This Useful

Students and individuals interested in quantum mechanics, particularly those seeking to understand the concepts of magnetic quantum numbers, orbital quantum numbers, and their applications in atomic physics.

Nadeem1980
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Being a student sometime i confuse about the real concept of magnetic quantum number.
Somwhere i perceived when orbit is introduced in external magnetic field then magnetic quantum number.But there is still magnetic field due to electrons as well?
I am confused about whole story?
Can anyone help me in this regard and please explain it in detail with most simple way.
Grateful to u
 
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The magnetic quantum number (the broken symmetry of spin and orbital 'motion') of electrons in atoms where found when you saw how they responded on magnetic and electric fields. The spectra splitting and Stern-Garlasch experiment just to name a few.

Magnetic field due to electron spins in a solid is called pauli magnetism.

Also there is coupling between the electrons spin in the atom, since classicaly a spinning ball will induce a magnetic field. That is why you call it spin, even thogh electrons don't have any size or are spinning in space (but that is another story hehe).

Also the magnetic quantum numbers falls out when you work out the mathematics of the angular momentum properties of quantum objects (the rotation groups).

Please tell us what you want to know more, maybe you are asking what is the micrsoscopic explanation for macroscopic magnetism?
 
Thanks for reply and sorry for late reply from my side.
Actually i am confused about the Orbital quantum number defination/description.
What it is ?Before describing orbital Magnetic quantum/spin magnetic quantum number we have to introduce atom in external magnetic field or we use the term magnetic for motion of electrons etc(of intrinsic motion of atom).Actually i confused about the term magnetic which come in these quantum number either coming when we apply any external magnetic field or this term is due to internal motions of atom which quantum number is discussing?
I will be thankful to u if u clear it for me with most simpleat way
 
Well first, here you can see the mathematical derivation of orbital angular momenta in QM:

https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=220904 (page 121)

And here

https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=220901 (page 71)


The 'orbital magnetic quantum numbers' are there because of symmetry reasons. And in an unperturbet hydrogenic-like atom, the energy levels of each L will be degenerate (i.e same energy independent of [itex]m_l[/itex]. But in the precense of a electric or a magnetic field, the energy levels will split up according to their [itex]m_l[/itex] values (see Stark vs. Zeeman effect). So this is why it is called 'magnetic QM #' due to its response to magnetic (-and electric) fields.

Also you can think of it classically, an orbiting charge will induce a magnetic field that will interact with other fields. But you have to take this to QM, where you have a probability distribution in 3D space. For [itex]m_l = 0[/itex] , the distrubution of electron probability will average to zero - so no interaction with the applied magnetic (or Electric) field.
 
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Rempi

I know about REMPI scheme a little bit but i have some question about it.

In REMPI scheme we have to creat more photons in specific volume element/space means high intensity of Laser light we use there.For example (2+1) REMPI Firstly,a molecule absorbs 2 photons simultaneously and go to some intermediate electronic excited state and absorb third photon and become ionized.

My Question is how can analyse in any case either it is 1+1 REMPI or 2+1 REMPI or 3+1 REMPI or 2 photon transition.Who can we guess what type of REMPI?

Means How much intensity of light produce 1+1 REMPI and how much intensity of light produce 2+1 REMPI etc.

Sometime i think Might be only one way to guess this type of REMPI is to study the transition states of any molecule.

Can anyone help me in this regard to understand clear picture of REPMI phenomenon.
I will be thankful to u
 
Adibatic model and Adibatic model about photodissociation in Molecular Dynamics

Can anybody explain me the difference in detail between Diabatic and Adiabatic model about Dissociation of molecule in molecular dynamics
 

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