Understanding Oxidation States in Ethanol (C2H5OH) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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SUMMARY

The oxidation state of carbon in ethanol (C2H5OH) is -2, which changes to +4 in carbon dioxide (CO2) during oxidation. This transformation illustrates the principles of oxidation states, where the sum of oxidation states in a neutral molecule must equal zero. The discussion emphasizes the importance of identifying the specific carbon atom in question, as ethanol contains two carbon atoms, each with distinct oxidation states. Understanding these concepts is crucial for accurately determining oxidation states in organic compounds.

PREREQUISITES
  • Basic understanding of oxidation states in organic chemistry
  • Familiarity with the molecular structure of ethanol (C2H5OH)
  • Knowledge of the rules governing oxidation states
  • Ability to differentiate between monatomic ions and neutral molecules
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the rules for determining oxidation states in organic compounds
  • Explore the structural differences between ethanol and carbon dioxide
  • Learn about the oxidation-reduction reactions involving carbon compounds
  • Investigate the role of functional groups in determining oxidation states
USEFUL FOR

Chemistry students, organic chemists, educators teaching oxidation-reduction reactions, and anyone interested in understanding the principles of oxidation states in organic molecules.

Integral0
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C2H5OH -> CO2

"Carbon is oxidized from an oxidation state of -2 in C2H5OH to +4 in CO2"

Don't the rules for oxidation states say that a monatomic ion is the same as its charge, therefore, C cannot be -2 because -4 (C) + 5 (H) + -1 (OH) yields 0 as a charge?
 
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RE

Because molecules like this one must have an electrical charge of 0 while ions must have their charges equaling what they specify.



20 mins wasted searching in my brain
 
First off, you need to decide which carbon atom you're talking about. Because you've got two different carbon atoms in two different states. The structure of ethanol is:

CH3-CH2-OH

This is a neutral molecule, and the sum of the oxidation states will be 0. That's not a hydroxide ion, but an oxygen covalently bonded to carbon.

Just follow the rules and you'll be fine.
 

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