Understanding the Use of Controlled Not Gates in Quantum Computing

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The discussion focuses on the application of the controlled NOT gate (CNOT) in quantum computing and the complications arising from relative phases in quantum states. The operator \hat{U}_{CNOT} is defined, and its application to a quantum state results in a complex state that includes a relative phase between |0⟩ and |1⟩. To address this issue, the author suggests using \hat{Z}_A(\theta) in conjunction with \hat{U}_{CNOT} to eliminate the unwanted phase while preserving other properties of the state. However, confusion arises regarding how to effectively apply \hat{Z}_A(\theta) to achieve this goal, as the relative phase persists in the calculations. The discussion highlights the need for clearer calculations and explanations in the referenced article to resolve these issues.
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In an article I'm reading, the author defines an operator as below:
<br /> \hat{U}_{CNOT}(\theta)=\exp{(-i \theta \hat{U}_{CNOT})}=\hat{1} \cos{\theta}-i \hat{U}_{CNOT} \sin{\theta}<br />
Where \hat{U}_{CNOT} is the controlled not gate(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_NOT_gate).
Then the operator is applied to a state of the form (\alpha |0\rangle+\beta|1\rangle) \otimes |\psi\rangle and the resulting state is:
<br /> (\alpha e^{-i \theta} |0\rangle+\beta \cos{\theta} |1\rangle)\otimes |\psi\rangle-i \beta \sin{\theta} |1\rangle \otimes (\hat{\sigma}_x |\psi\rangle)<br />
where \hat{\sigma}_x=\begin{pmatrix}<br /> 0&amp;1\\<br /> 1&amp;0<br /> \end{pmatrix}
Then the author says:
The relative phase e^{i \theta} between |0\rangle and |1\rangle is a complication in the calculations that will follow.To avoid this problem, instead of \hat{U}_{CNOT}(\theta),we will use interactions of the form \hat{Z}_A(\theta) \hat{U}_{CNOT}(\theta),where\hat{Z}_A(\theta)=(\exp{(i \hat{\sigma}_z \theta/2)}\otimes \hat{1})...The single-bit rotation exactly undoes the extra relative phase produced by \hat{U}_{CNOT},while changing nothing else.
Now my problem is that I can't understand how that happens. I don't know how to work with \hat{Z}_A(\theta)\hat{U}_{CNOT}(\theta).I'll appreciate any suggestion.
Thanks
 
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In an article I'm reading
Meaningless without citations.
Which article - where - when - who is the author?

But I think this is just a handy notation to remove a nasty bit of math.
Z does what it is defined to do. The author is only using it by defining it.
See what happens next.
 
Yeah,I wasn't clear enough,sorry.
This is the link to the article:http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0108132
But the part that I mentioned,doesn't need much knowledge about the other parts of the article.
My problem is that when I apply \hat{Z}_A(\theta) to \hat{U}_{CNOT}(\theta)(\alpha |0 \rangle +\beta|1\rangle)\otimes |\psi \rangle,there is still a relative phase between |0\rangle and |1\rangle which leads me to think I'm missing sth.
Also I can't get help from the article itself,because it doesn't contain calculations that I want.
 
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Insights auto threads is broken atm, so I'm manually creating these for new Insight articles. Towards the end of the first lecture for the Qiskit Global Summer School 2025, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Olivia Lanes (Global Lead, Content and Education IBM) stated... Source: https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/quantum-entanglement-is-a-kinematic-fact-not-a-dynamical-effect/ by @RUTA

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