Understanding Time Crystals: A Beginner's Guide

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the concept of time crystals, exploring their properties and implications in comparison to regular crystals. Participants seek to clarify the nature of time crystals, their stability, and potential analogies with other systems, while also referencing external articles for further understanding.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses confusion about time crystals, noting their periodic change over time compared to regular crystals that remain unchanged.
  • Another participant requests a reference to the article that sparked the initial inquiry about time crystals.
  • A participant mentions a popular press article that refers to a scientific paper about the interaction between two time crystals, indicating a desire to find the original source.
  • One participant admits to being unfamiliar with time crystals and suggests that others may have more insight.
  • A different participant provides a link to an article that discusses time crystals, potentially offering more information.
  • One participant describes time crystals as a ground state that periodically repeats in time, contrasting them with systems like a pendulum that can decay to lower energy states.
  • Another participant introduces the idea of dissipative systems, suggesting that they can exhibit both spatial and temporal structures, which may relate to the concept of a temporal "ground state," while noting the need for energy to maintain such structures.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the understanding of time crystals, with some expressing confusion and others providing differing perspectives on their properties and analogies.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference various external articles and concepts, but there is no agreement on the definitions or implications of time crystals, and some assumptions about their properties remain unresolved.

Hsopitalist
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TL;DR
Trying to wrap my head around time crystals
Just read an article about time crystals. I understand regular crystals vary in a routine fashion through space but are unchanged over time. Time crystals apparently change periodically over time. I tried the usual googling but my brain has nowhere to put this. Can someone dumb this down for me?
 
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I've never heard of this before. Do you have a reference to the article you read?
 
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It was in the popular press referring to a paper in nature earlier this year about the first witnessed interaction between two time crystals. I will dig and see if I can find it.
 
Hmm. I don't think I can help you. This is the first time I've read about them. Perhaps someone else here can chime in.
 
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Time crystal is a ground state periodically repeating in time. There is nothing strange about a state periodically repeating in time - think e.g. pendulum. What is strange about the time crystal is that it is a ground state. This means that it is stable, so, unlike a pendulum, it cannot decay to a lower energy state so it never stops.
 
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Not sure if this is relevant, but some dissipative systems (for instance reaction-diffusion systems [1] like the BZ reaction [2]) can exhibit both regular spatial structure (e.g. Turing stripes and hexagons) as well temporal structure (e.g. Hopf oscillations [3]) for other system parameters.

Since such structures are limit cycles of the given system, I assume they could in some sense be said to exhibit a temporal "ground state" structure. Of course, just like a simple (dissipative) resonator these system needs energy to maintain their structure, so the interesting phenomenon in those examples is perhaps mostly that a fairly fixed "resonant" spatial or temporal structure form for a wide range of system parameters and not so much that the structures represent an energy ground state of a non-closed system.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction–diffusion_system
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belousov–Zhabotinsky_reaction
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf_bifurcation
 
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