Unknown symbol in a fuzzy logic equation

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The discussion centers on the meaning of the symbol 'U' in a fuzzy logic equation related to histogram normalization. The symbol 'U' represents the union of multiple objects, similar to how summation is denoted in mathematics. A reference to MathWorld is provided for further clarification on the concept of union. Understanding this symbol is crucial for accurately interpreting fuzzy logic equations in image processing. The explanation aims to assist in comprehending the mathematical notation used in the field.
cnyd
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Hi people

I study on image processing and fuzzy logic. When I working on histogram normalization, I saw an equation which includes a symbol 'U' letter. On the bottom of the 'U' (m=1) and on the top of the 'U' (K) is written. And i want to learn what its (U) mean.

Thanks in advance.

Cuneyd HELVACI
 
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It's the union of a bunch of objects; it's exactly analogous to using \sum_{i=1}^k a_i to denote a bunch of additions.
 
The standard _A " operator" maps a Null Hypothesis Ho into a decision set { Do not reject:=1 and reject :=0}. In this sense ( HA)_A , makes no sense. Since H0, HA aren't exhaustive, can we find an alternative operator, _A' , so that ( H_A)_A' makes sense? Isn't Pearson Neyman related to this? Hope I'm making sense. Edit: I was motivated by a superficial similarity of the idea with double transposition of matrices M, with ## (M^{T})^{T}=M##, and just wanted to see if it made sense to talk...

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