Weak interaction cross-section

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relationship between weak interaction cross-sections and temperature in the early universe, specifically demonstrating that the rate of weak interactions, denoted as \(\sigma_{wk}\), is proportional to \(T^{5/2}\). The weak interaction coupling constant, \(g_{wk} \approx 1.4 \times 10^{49} \, \text{erg cm}^3\), is utilized in the formula \(\sigma_{wk} = g_{wk}^2 \left[ \frac{k_B T}{(\bar{h} c)^2} \right]^2\). The collision time, \(\tau_{coll} = \frac{1}{n \sigma_{wk} c}\), is identified as inversely related to the interaction rate, with the number density \(n\) being proportional to \(T^3\). This analysis confirms that in a radiation-dominated universe, the temperature directly influences the weak interaction rates.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of weak interaction physics and cross-sections
  • Familiarity with thermodynamic concepts, particularly temperature and energy relations
  • Knowledge of particle density and relativistic particle behavior
  • Basic grasp of cosmological principles, including the scale factor and redshift
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore the derivation of weak interaction cross-sections in particle physics
  • Study the relationship between temperature and energy in cosmology
  • Investigate the implications of radiation domination on particle interactions
  • Learn about the Boltzmann distribution and its role in early universe conditions
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, cosmologists, and students studying particle interactions and the early universe dynamics will benefit from this discussion.

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Homework Statement


Cross-sections for weak interactions at an energy E increase with E as E^2. Show that the rate of weak interactions in the early universe depends on the temperature T as \sigma_{wk} \propto T^52. The attempt at a solution
The only formula I can find is
\sigma_{wk} = g_{wk}^2 \left[ \frac{k_B T}{(\bar{h} c)^2} \right]^2
where g_{wk} \approx 1.4 \times 10^{49} erg cm^3 is the weak interaction coupling constant.
I have no clue on how to proceed.
 
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The 'rate' depends upon more than the cross section. Find a formula for rate.
 
I cannot find any such formula...
 
Ok. Then we'll have to make one up. What other factors besides cross section would affect the interaction rate?
 
The number density and the speed of the particles i guess.
 
Hey, you're pretty good at this! Would you say proportional to both and the cross section (at least roughly)?
 
I'm not sure... I found a formula

\tau_{coll} = \frac{1}{n \sigma_{wk} c}

where

n = 0.2 \left( \frac{k_BT}{\bar{h} c} \right)^3

is the number density. This would give

\tau_{coll} \propto \frac{1}{T^5}

but this is not it, is it?
 
That is it! tau is the inverse of the rate, right? Under what conditions can you use that formula and are they compatible with the description 'early universe'? What happened to our velocity dependence?
 
Maybe the particles have the speed of light? But what about the energy in the problem statement?
 
  • #10
Yes, it assumes the particles are relativistic. I'll throw the other question back to you. What's the relation between T and E?
 
  • #11
They are essentially the same?
 
  • #12
Up to a constant (Boltzmann's to be specific), sure. If you understand why number density is proportional to T^3 then I think you have the whole thing (hint: it also assumes the universe is radiation dominated).
 
  • #13
You know, I think number density is proportional to T^3 regardless of domination.
 
  • #14
Uhm, has it got something to do with 3d space?
 
  • #15
It also has to do with red-shift. E is proportional to 1/a, where a is the scale factor.
 
Last edited:

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