Weinberg-Witten Theorem and Quantum Gravity

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SUMMARY

The Weinberg-Witten Theorem (WWT) asserts that massless particles with spin greater than 1 cannot possess a Lorentz-covariant energy-momentum tensor, which has significant implications for quantum gravity theories. Specifically, it challenges the validity of the Deser/Feynman approach to General Relativity, which posits a spin-2 massless particle as the source of the stress-energy tensor. The discussion highlights the conflict between the WWT and the renormalizability of the Deser/Feynman theory, emphasizing that while gravitational interactions are not excluded, the existence of a gauge-invariant energy-momentum tensor for the graviton is problematic. The nuances of stress-energy tensor definitions in quantum versus classical contexts further complicate this relationship.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the Weinberg-Witten Theorem
  • Familiarity with General Relativity and its stress-energy tensor
  • Knowledge of quantum field theory and renormalization
  • Concept of Lorentz covariance and gauge invariance
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of the Weinberg-Witten Theorem on quantum gravity theories
  • Explore the Deser/Feynman approach to General Relativity in detail
  • Investigate the role of pseudotensors in classical and quantum gravitational theories
  • Learn about gauge invariance in quantum field theories, particularly in relation to gravitons
USEFUL FOR

The discussion is beneficial for theoretical physicists, particularly those specializing in quantum gravity, general relativity, and particle physics. It is also relevant for researchers exploring the foundational aspects of gauge theories and their implications in modern physics.

stevendaryl
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Can someone who understands it explain the significance of the
Weinberg-Witten Theorem to the possibility of quantum gravity?
(Described here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinberg-Witten_theorem)

From the Wikipedia article, the conclusion is
...massless
particles (either composite or elementary) with spin j > 1/2 cannot
carry a Lorentz-covariant current, while massless particles with spin j
> 1 cannot carry a Lorentz-covariant stress-energy.

I don't understand how that can be correct. Deser and Feynmann
(independently?) showed that General Relativity can be understood (at
least in asymptotically flat spacetimes) as the field theory of a spin-2
massless particle whose source is the total stress-energy tensor. I know
that this approach is not renormalizable, at least not in any obvious
way, but it seems to conflict with the Weinberg-Witten Theorem. Is the
WWT in some way a proof that the Deser/Feynmann theory is not
renormalizable?

One thing that is a little confusing about the Deser/Feynmann theory is
exactly what the stress-energy tensor is. The assumption is that the
spin-two particle couples to the total stress-energy, including the
stress-energy of the particle itself. This is apparently very different
from GR, in which the appropriate stress-energy tensor has no
contribution due to gravity. I don't have a good grasp of how this is
reconciled.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.0435
"The Weinberg–Witten theorem states that a massless particle of spin strictly greater than one cannot possesses an energy-momentum tensor Tμ which is both Lorentz covariant and gauge invariant. Of course, this no-go theorem does not preclude gravitational interactions. In the spin-two case, it implies that there cannot exist any gauge-invariant energy-momentum tensor for the graviton."

More discussion here:

http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:33005:2/component/escidoc:33006/AnnPhys17-803.pdf
"However, in [24, 25] it is pointed out that the obtained pseudotensor of the gravitational field is still Lorentz covariant, even though not generally covariant. Thus, at first sight, the Weinberg-Witten theorem appears to be applicable to this tensor. However, the crucial point seems to be again that these pseudotensors are constructed in the context of a classical, i.e. a non-quantum theory. ...

"The process of constructing the energy-momentum pseudotensor for the gravitational field in a classical theory only breaks general covariance, not Lorentz covariance. Constructing a quantum field then requires additional terms under Lorentz transformations. To maintain Lorentz covariance of the theory, these additional terms would have to be eliminated by gauge transformations requiring general covariance. Like for the gluon, this gauge invariance of the current is not given for the graviton."
 
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