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The flow of a fluid in a pipe bend can be anything from completely smooth to chaotic .
What actually happens depends on many things - such as bend geometry , flow velocity , fluid properties and initial flow pattern at entry .
Flow can also sometimes be unstable and in particular case of compressible fluids and high velocities shock waves can form .
Flow conditions can sometimes be improved by detail changes to pipe geometry . Some examples of this are : use of transition bend curvatures , return bulges and internal vanes .
What actually happens depends on many things - such as bend geometry , flow velocity , fluid properties and initial flow pattern at entry .
Flow can also sometimes be unstable and in particular case of compressible fluids and high velocities shock waves can form .
Flow conditions can sometimes be improved by detail changes to pipe geometry . Some examples of this are : use of transition bend curvatures , return bulges and internal vanes .