What do you mean by countably infinite ?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of "countably infinite," exploring its definition, examples, and comparisons with other types of infinity, particularly in the context of set theory and mathematics.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks clarification on the meaning of "countably infinite" and requests examples for better understanding.
  • Another participant defines countably infinite using the set of natural numbers \mathbb{N} and explains that a set is countably infinite if there exists a bijection between it and \mathbb{N>.
  • Examples provided include \mathbb{Z} and the set of even numbers, both of which are described as countably infinite due to established bijections with \mathbb{N}.
  • A participant suggests that "countably infinite" implies the ability to count elements sequentially (one, two, three, etc.), contrasting this with the uncountability of real numbers between 0 and 1.
  • Another participant agrees that the reals are uncountably infinite and mentions Cantor's diagonalization as a proof of this property.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the definition of countably infinite and provide examples, but there is a distinction made between countably infinite sets and uncountable sets, particularly regarding the real numbers. The discussion remains open regarding deeper implications and proofs.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the understanding of bijections and set theory may not be fully articulated, and the discussion does not resolve the complexities of proving countability for certain sets.

iVenky
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What do you mean by "countably infinite"?

I just couldn't understand the meaning of countably infinite. I have seen some definitions but I couldn't get an insight. Could you please help me in understanding this term with some kind of an example?

Thanks a lot.

:)
 
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The most important example is [itex]\mathbb{N}[/itex]. This is countably infinite by definition.

Furthermore, if there exists a bijection between [itex]\mathbb{N}[/itex] and a set X, then that set X is also called countably infinite.

As further examples, [itex]\mathbb{Z}[/itex] is countably infinite as there exists a bijection between [itex]\mathbb{Z}[/itex] and [itex]\mathbb{N}[/itex]. The bijection in question is

[tex]0\rightarrow 0,~1\rightarrow -1,~2\rightarrow 1,~3\rightarrow -2,...[/tex]

So you send an even number 2n to n, and you send an odd number 2n+1 to -n-1.

Another example is the set of even numbers. This is also countably infinite. The bijection sends n to 2n. So 0 is sent to 0, 1 to 2, 2 to 4, 3 to 6, etc.

A little harder to prove is that [itex]\mathbb{Q}[/itex] is countably infinite.

A set that is NOT countable infinite is [itex]\mathbb{R}[/itex].

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So "countably infinite" means you can count like one, two, three so on.
You can't count real numbers between 0 and 1 like one, two, three.. so it should be an infinite space and not countably infinite.

Am I right?
 


iVenky said:
So "countably infinite" means you can count like one, two, three so on.
You can't count real numbers between 0 and 1 like one, two, three.. so it should be an infinite space and not countably infinite.

Am I right?

Yes, the reals are uncountable infinite. You can't label them one, two, three, four, etc. and expect to have them all.
The rigorous proof that the reals are uncountable uses Cantor's diagonalization and is a really neat trick in mathematics.
 

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