What does \sum\limits_{i\neq j}^N a_i a_j mean in summation notation?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the interpretation of the summation notation \(\sum\limits_{i\neq j}^N a_i a_j\). Participants are exploring its meaning and whether it can be equated to a double summation where \(j\) does not equal \(i\).

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks clarification on the meaning of the notation \(\sum\limits_{i\neq j}^N a_i a_j\) and questions if it is equivalent to \(\sum\limits_{i}^N \sum\limits_{j}^N a_i a_j\) with the condition that \(j\) cannot equal \(i\).
  • Another participant asserts that the notation represents the sum of all products \(a_{i}a_{j}\) where \(i\) does not equal \(j\), suggesting flexibility in the conditions that can be applied in such summations.
  • A later reply provides an example with \(N = 3\) to illustrate how the summation expands, listing specific terms included and omitted, which supports the earlier claim about the notation's meaning.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

There appears to be general agreement that the notation indicates a summation over products where \(i\) does not equal \(j\). However, the exact equivalence to the double summation format remains somewhat implicit and not fully resolved.

Contextual Notes

Participants do not explicitly define the range of \(i\) and \(j\) or the starting index, which may affect the interpretation of the summation.

SergeantAngle
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Hi

I have a textbook which uses the notation:

[itex]\sum\limits_{i\neq j}^N a_i a_j[/itex]

I can't find anywhere what this actually means. Is it equivalent to:

[itex]\sum\limits_{i}^N \sum\limits_{j}^N a_i a_j[/itex]

where j can't equal i?

Thanks.
 
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It's just the sum of all ##a_{i}a_{j}## when i does not equal j.

You can put pretty much any condition you want in that space, though I see it abused more often for unions and intersections of sets.
 
SergeantAngle said:
Hi

I have a textbook which uses the notation:

[itex]\sum\limits_{i\neq j}^N a_i a_j[/itex]

I can't find anywhere what this actually means. Is it equivalent to:

[itex]\sum\limits_{i}^N \sum\limits_{j}^N a_i a_j[/itex]

where j can't equal i?

Thanks.

Yes, pretty much. For example, if N = 3, and both indexes start at 1, then the summation expands to a1a2 + a1a3 + a2a1 + a1a3 + a2a3 + a3a2. The terms that are omitted are a12, a22, and a32.
 
Okay, thanks.
 

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