What is (physical) information?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the concept of physical information, particularly in the context of physics and its distinction from classical interpretations. The user explores the implications of the holographic principle and the black hole information paradox, referencing the work of Claude Shannon on information theory. Key points include the idea that complete information about a system is encoded in its wave function, and the speculation that information may be stored in the environment of particles rather than within the particles themselves. The conversation highlights the relationship between information theory and thermodynamics, particularly regarding black holes.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly wave functions
  • Familiarity with the holographic principle in theoretical physics
  • Basic knowledge of information theory, specifically Claude Shannon's contributions
  • Concepts of entropy in thermodynamics and its relation to black holes
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of the holographic principle on our understanding of the universe
  • Study the black hole information paradox and its significance in modern physics
  • Explore Claude Shannon's information theory and its applications in physics
  • Investigate the relationship between entropy and information in thermodynamic systems
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for physics students, researchers in theoretical physics, and anyone interested in the intersection of information theory and quantum mechanics.

momentweaver
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Hello PF!

(Not sure this is in the right section.)

I've learned very little about maths/physics in school, but went back to uni last year to do maths. Physics is still a bit of an alien territory, but nevertheless I like exploring it in my own amateur way.
One of the things that started to bother me is that the word "information" seems to be used in a slightly different way in the context of physics, a way that I am not sure I understand. For example I have seen a documentary which mentioned the holographic principle and the black hole information paradox, and I also started reading essays on the FQXi website with explore the question "is reality digital or analog?".

I understand information as a representation of a relation or state, encoded in a physical object, which can be "read" by another system that can meaningfully interpret the data and implement it in another physical system.
Now, this may be a wrong way of looking at this, but in this context the following sentence from the wikipedia entry on the black hole information paradox makes sense to me: " A postulate of quantum mechanics is that complete information about a system is encoded in its wave function, an abstract concept not present in classical physics".
But this does not explain what is meant by physical information when we don't talk about quantum mechanics (is there such a way?).
Where and how is it stored? How is it represented in a particle? How is it encoded/decoded?
The only way I can make sense of this is to think of this information as being stored outside of individual particles themselves, but instead as vibrations in their environments.
Did I understand something back to front?

Any pointers to more...uhm "information" will be welcome :)

Thank you.

MW
 
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the information revolution came with Claude Shannon's paper

wikipedia has a discussion on it:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_information

basically the Shannon information eqn looks an awful lot like the Thermo eqn for entropy and the leap was made that they are one and the same.

It was then applied to conditions at the event horizon of a black hole noting that its surface area corresponds to the amount of mass in the BH and could be used to describe the entropy of the BH.

And from there physicists speculated that maybe we ourselves live in a holographic universe.
 

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