What is the meaning of orbital energies ?

In summary, orbital energies refer to the energy levels of electrons in a specific shell. This can be understood through the analogy of gravitational potential energy, with the nucleus as the Earth and the electron as a person. The closer the electron is to the nucleus, the lower its electric potential energy. This is similar to how a person's potential energy decreases as they fall closer to the Earth. Overall, orbital energies and the energy level of an electron are closely related concepts.
  • #1
mcfaker
43
0
What is the meaning of "orbital energies"?

Could someone please explain, because I am confused: or is it the same as energy level of an electron, I mean the energy that one electron contains in a certain shell?


Thanks for the help!
 
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  • #2
I like to think of an energy of an eletron as a eletric potencial energy. Are you familiar with this concept? If not, try to think of the eletric force between the nucleus and the eletron as a gravitic force (it is very similar in terms of variation and direction although its much smaller). Consider this analogy, the nucleus is the Earth and the eletron is a person. The person has a potencial gravitacional energy that can be transformed in kinetic energy if he falls closer to the earth. The closer he is the Earth the lowest his potencial energy since it has less avaiable energy to be transformed in kinetic energy. Now, returning to the eletron-nucleus interaction. The closer the eletron is to the nucleus the lowest is its eletric potencial energy (gravitacional potencial energy can be ignored). So, orbitals with a small primary quantic number, are closer to the nucleus and have a lower eletric potencial energy (or just energy, for short).

Hope it helped!
 
  • #3
Thanks for the answer :) Now its basically the same!
 

1. What is an orbital energy?

An orbital energy is the amount of energy required for an electron to occupy a specific energy level in an atom. It is also known as the energy level or electron shell.

2. How is orbital energy related to electron configuration?

Orbital energy is directly related to the electron configuration of an atom. The arrangement of electrons in different energy levels determines the overall energy of the atom and its chemical properties.

3. Why do different elements have different orbital energies?

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its atomic number and thus, the number of electrons and energy levels it has. Therefore, different elements have different orbital energies due to their varying number of protons and electron configurations.

4. How do changes in orbital energy affect chemical reactions?

Changes in orbital energy can affect the stability and reactivity of an atom, which can in turn influence the outcome of chemical reactions. For example, a decrease in orbital energy may make an atom more reactive and prone to forming chemical bonds.

5. Can orbital energy be measured or observed directly?

No, orbital energy cannot be measured or observed directly. It is a theoretical concept used to explain the behavior of electrons in an atom. However, it can be indirectly calculated through various spectroscopic techniques.

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