To find the area of triangle ADG, the area formula A = (bh)/2 is applied, where b represents the base and h the height. The area of triangle CDE is expressed in terms of segments AG and DG, leading to the equation (1/3 AG * 1/3 DG)/2 = 42. To determine the area of triangle ADG, a multiplier must be identified for both sides of the equation. The discussion highlights the challenge of interpreting a small image related to the problem. Ultimately, the focus is on deriving the correct multiplier for calculating the area of triangle ADG.