What is the physics behind magnetorquers and reaction wheels?

[vanihba]

What is the physics behind magnetorquers and reaction wheels which help in satellite attitude determination and control?

 

[enigma]

Conservation of angular momentum

 

[NatSusan]

Magnetorquers and reaction wheels are two important components in satellite attitude determination and control systems. They work together to provide the necessary torque to adjust and maintain the orientation of a satellite in space.

Magnetorquers use the principle of electromagnetism to generate a magnetic field that interacts with the Earth's magnetic field. This interaction creates a torque that can be used to rotate the satellite. The strength and direction of the magnetic field can be controlled by adjusting the current flowing through the coils of the magnetorquer.

On the other hand, reaction wheels use the principle of conservation of angular momentum to control the orientation of the satellite. These wheels are essentially spinning flywheels that can be accelerated or decelerated to produce a torque in the opposite direction. By controlling the speed and direction of the reaction wheels, the satellite's orientation can be adjusted.

Together, magnetorquers and reaction wheels provide a reliable and efficient way to control the attitude of a satellite in space. They are essential for performing tasks such as pointing the satellite's antennas and sensors towards a specific target, maintaining a stable orbit, and avoiding collisions with other objects in space.

In addition to these two components, satellite attitude determination and control systems also use other sensors, such as gyroscopes and sun sensors, to accurately measure the satellite's orientation and make necessary adjustments. Overall, these systems rely on the principles of physics to ensure that satellites remain in the desired position and perform their intended functions in space.