What is the process for finding the integral of y=x^x and why is it difficult?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the integral of the function y = x^x, exploring why it is considered difficult to express in terms of elementary functions. Participants examine the implications of this difficulty and potential methods for approximating the integral.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants clarify that the inability to express the integral \(\int x^x \, dx\) in terms of elementary functions means that, despite the integral existing, it cannot be represented using standard functions like addition, multiplication, exponentiation, logarithms, and trigonometric functions.
  • Others propose that solving the integral may require the invention of a new function, indicating a need for novel mathematical approaches.
  • A participant references a paper titled "Sophomores Dream Function" for additional information about the integral of x^x.
  • Another participant provides a complex approximation of x^x around x=0, suggesting that while the integral may appear complicated, it can still be expressed in a form that can be processed by computational tools like Mathematica or Wolfram Alpha.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the difficulty of expressing the integral in elementary terms, but there is no consensus on the best approach to tackle the problem or the implications of the approximations provided.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the limitations of current mathematical tools in expressing the integral and the dependence on approximations and computational methods. There are unresolved questions regarding the nature of the functions that could potentially represent the integral.

Vorde
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When we say that we cannot express [itex]\int[/itex]xxdx in terms of elementary functions, what do we mean by that?

Is it that y=xx cannot be integrated, or that we cannot find it's integral, or is it something else?
 
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It means that it's integral exists, but we can't write it down. That is: if we have all the well-known functions like +,-,*,/,exponentiation, logarithms, sines, tangents,etc. at our disposal, then we still couldn't solve that integral.
We can only solve that integral by inventing a new function.
 
Thank you, that was confusing me a bit.
 
Could approximate-around x=0 x^x looks like;

x+x^2 ((log(x))/2-1/4)+1/54 x^3 (9 log^2(x)-6 log(x)+2)+1/768 x^4 (32 log^3(x)-24 log^2(x)+12 log(x)-3)+(x^5 (625 log^4(x)-500 log^3(x)+300 log^2(x)-120 log(x)+24))/75000+(x^6 (324 log^5(x)-270 log^4(x)+180 log^3(x)-90 log^2(x)+30 log(x)-5))/233280+O(x^7)+constant

Then integrate and feed the result into Mathematica/Wolfram alpha - you may find it looks very complicated but at least one can write it down.
 

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