What is the Proof of an Inequality for Three Positive Numbers?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around proving the inequality ##(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) \geq 8abc## for non-negative numbers ##a, b, c##. Participants explore various mathematical techniques and approaches to tackle this problem, which is framed within the context of a Putnam competition question.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Homework-related

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests proving the inequality by first establishing that ##a + b \geq 2\sqrt{ab}## using the identity ##(a - b)^2 \geq 0##.
  • Another participant proposes applying the AM-GM inequality on the expression ##2abc + a^2b + ac^2 + b^2c + b^2a + bc^2 + a^2c##.
  • It is mentioned that starting with cases where one or more variables are zero could simplify the problem, allowing for the assumption that all variables are positive afterward.
  • One participant notes that the expression can be rewritten as ##3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) = (a+b+c)^3 - (a^3 + b^3 + c^3##, which may reduce complexity.
  • A later reply indicates that induction would not be suitable for real numbers, as it would only apply if the variables were restricted to natural numbers.
  • Participants discuss expanding the expression and using the previously mentioned inequality for appropriate substitutions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present multiple approaches and techniques, but there is no consensus on a single method or solution to the problem. The discussion remains unresolved with various competing ideas on how to proceed.

Contextual Notes

Some participants express uncertainty about the best approach, indicating that the problem may require different techniques depending on the assumptions made about the variables. There are also references to specific mathematical identities and inequalities that may not be fully explored or established within the discussion.

tomwilliam2
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I'm trying to do some practice Putnam questions, and I'm stuck on the following:

For ##a,b,c \geq 0##, prove that ##(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) \geq 8abc##

(https://www.math.nyu.edu/~bellova/putnam/putnam09_6.pdf)

I started off by expanding the brackets and doing some algebraic rearranging, but I don't think I've got anywhere.
Should I be using induction? Or is this an algebraic problem?
Thanks in advance
 
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My hint is to first prove

##a + b \geq 2\sqrt {ab}##. You can start by using ##(a - b)^2 \geq 0##. If you prove it then see how you can leverage this for the whole expression you want to prove.

EDIT: Your question is not about set theory, logic, probability or statistics so if it is not homework it should be posted in the "General Math" section.
 
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Apply AM-GM on ##2abc+a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+b^2a+bc^2+a^2c##.
 
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Thanks both.
 
Another common tactic is to start by dealing with the case where one or more variables is zero (i.e. lower bound of real non-negative expression is zero). After that you may assume all a,b, c are positive, then divide them out so all variables are on one side.

In this case you'd take advantage of positivity and divide out ##abc## from each side. With a small bit of insight, you'll see that your problem 1 is just an n =3 case of problem 4.
 
I think ##3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=(a+b+c)^3-(a^3+b^3+c^3)## can be of use. At least one doesn't have to deal with so many terms.
 
tomwilliam2 said:
I'm trying to do some practice Putnam questions, and I'm stuck on the following:

For ##a,b,c \geq 0##, prove that ##(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) \geq 8abc##

(https://www.math.nyu.edu/~bellova/putnam/putnam09_6.pdf)

I started off by expanding the brackets and doing some algebraic rearranging, but I don't think I've got anywhere.
Should I be using induction? Or is this an algebraic problem?
Thanks in advance
Induction would work only if a,b,c were restricted to the domain of natural numbers and then again you would have to do triple nested induction. But here a,b,c are any positive real numbers.

Just expand like @Buffu suggests and then use ##(x+y)\geq 2\sqrt{xy}## (already suggested by @QuantumQuest )for proper x and y for example ##x=a^2b,y=bc^2## e.t.c
 
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