What is the significance of the complex Fourier spectrum in signal processing?

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The discussion centers on the complex Fourier spectrum's structure, particularly the presence of complex conjugate symmetry and the significance of the central real value. The central value, which cannot have an imaginary component, is identified as the DC component, representing the average value of the signal. Questions arise regarding integrating in the frequency domain, specifically how to handle the DC component and the central real value without introducing complexities or division by zero. Clarifications are sought on these points to enhance understanding of Fourier analysis in signal processing. The conversation highlights the importance of grasping these concepts for effective signal analysis.
JohnSimpson
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I feel I have a good grasp of the complex Fourier series, but I'm struggling with a few things still.

When I take, say, an fft in MATLAB (with an even number of data points) I obtain a spectrum that looks like this

[DC] [ + freqs ] [Real Valued Number] [-Freqs]

With complex conjugate symmetry around the Real Value in the middle. I understand why this value in the middle cannot have an imaginary component, as it would destroy the symmetry. The value is it's own complex conjugate. But what is this value? Is it the maximum frequency in the spectrum?

In a related question, say I want to integrate in the frequency domain. That would involve diving by the entire signal by 2pif_nj where fn is the fundamental frequency times n. How do I then deal with the DC value, and the real value in the middle? It seems to me that for the DC value I would be diving by zero, and for the real value in the middle of the spectrum, I would be making it complex. Corrections to my understanding are appreciated

-John
 
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