Thermal motion refers to the continuous movement of atoms, which is crucial for understanding atomic behavior in different states of matter. In gases, atoms are in constant motion and collide with container walls and each other, with increased temperature leading to higher average speeds. In solids, atoms exhibit vibrational motion, where increased temperature results in greater amplitude of vibration. Heat conduction occurs as energetic atoms transfer vibrational energy to neighboring atoms. This motion is termed "thermal" because it is associated with thermal energy, also known as internal or microscopic energy.
PREREQUISITESStudents in physics or chemistry, educators teaching atomic theory, and anyone interested in the fundamentals of thermal energy and its effects on matter.