Maximum7 said:
You can use elementary particles for computing like photons and electrons. Why not gluons?
Electrons can be used because solid state electronics, such as diodes and transistors, are literally designed to use the properties of electrons. They can easily move around a bulk material under the application of a voltage and this combined with the unique properties of doped semiconductors leads to the ability to form simple electrical devices like switches and amplifiers. This in turn allows us to easily represent binary logic and math using these devices, forming the foundation of modern computing.
Gluons on the other hand are massless particles (like photons) that have a 'charge' (like electrons). This charge is not an electric charge, but something called color charge. The fact that they are charged causes them to interact VERY strongly with the strong force, of which they are the force mediator particles of (or force carriers).
This combination of being both massless and charged (especially color charged) causes them to behave very different from both electrons and photons. For starters, gluons cannot help form stable matter in the same way that electrons can. That is, you can't shove them into a material and move them around like you can electrons. We can't easily manipulate color charges like we can electric charges, as the strong force has such an extremely short range that it precludes distances larger than the diameter of an atomic nucleus. Contrast this with electric charges, which can be manipulated from great distances through fields and EM radiation or even through conductors.
The ludicrous strength of the strong force also doesn't help. Nuclei transitioning from a higher energy state to a lower energy state emit, at minimum, thousands of electron-volts worth of energy, if not millions. For comparison, light emitted from an electron falling to a lower energy state maxes out around 10 eV. This means that gluons and the other particles they interact with via the strong force require MUCH more energy concentrated into a MUCH smaller area than electrons do.
And let's not forget that gluons might not even 'survive' long enough to actually do anything. If they are like photons, which are often absorbed upon interaction with something, then they would have an incredibly short lifetime before being absorbed by some other color charged particle.