Why are there no adenosine agonists available?

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SUMMARY

Adenosine agonists are not available as sedatives or tranquilizers due to their biological effects, which differ significantly from those of adenosine receptor antagonists like caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. While adenosine itself acts as a brake in biological systems, promoting vasodilation and potentially causing headaches and nausea when in excess, it is primarily used in clinical settings to treat tachycardia. The stimulant effects of xanthine alkaloids arise from their antagonistic action on adenosine receptors, which does not translate to sedative properties. Therefore, adenosine agonists are not suitable for sedation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of adenosine receptor pharmacology
  • Knowledge of xanthine alkaloids, specifically caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine
  • Familiarity with the physiological effects of adenosine in the cardiovascular system
  • Basic concepts of neurotransmitter activity, particularly acetylcholine (ACh)
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  • Research the pharmacological effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists
  • Explore the role of xanthine alkaloids in neurotransmitter modulation
  • Investigate the clinical applications of adenosine in treating tachycardia
  • Learn about caffeine withdrawal syndrome and its physiological implications
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for pharmacologists, medical professionals, and researchers interested in the effects of adenosine on the nervous system and cardiovascular health.

CrimpJiggler
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Various xanthine alkaloids such as caffeine, theophylline and theobromine produce stimulant effects because they are adenosine receptor antagonists. Would adenosine agonists not make good sedatives/tranquilisers?
 
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Because adenosine doesn't works like histamine?

Edit: Caffeine withdrawal syndrome is unpleasant, and it is caused by an excess of adenosine receptors. Adenosine causes vasodilatation, and too much causes headaches and nausea.
Painful headaches don't help sedation and tranquilisation. Therefore I think an adenosine agonist wouldn't be a good sedative/tranquiliser.
 
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Hospitals keep adenosine itself around as an agonist for treating tachychardia, to slow down the heart.

Adenosine acts as a break in biological systems, having inhibiting effects, but caffeine doesn't just stop this break, it also makes other neurotransmitters more active. For instance, it prevents breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh), so ACh sticks around longer, increasing its effect.
 

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