Why do unexpected precipitates form in precipitation reactions?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the factors that can lead to unexpected precipitates forming in precipitation reactions, as well as reasons why expected precipitates may not form. The scope includes theoretical considerations and practical laboratory experiences related to chemistry experiments.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that impurities from tap water, such as added ions, could affect the outcome of precipitation reactions.
  • Concerns are raised about the cleanliness of test tubes, with some proposing that residual ions from previous experiments might lead to unexpected results.
  • One participant mentions that the age and condition of test tubes can influence the success of precipitation reactions, noting better results with older, scratched glassware.
  • Another participant introduces the idea of coprecipitation and emphasizes that precipitation is not merely about mixing components, but involves careful consideration of solubility and saturation levels.
  • Temperature is highlighted as a critical factor, with some reactions requiring specific conditions to initiate precipitation.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express multiple competing views regarding the factors influencing precipitation reactions, and the discussion remains unresolved with no consensus on the primary causes of unexpected precipitates.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include potential missing assumptions about the purity of reagents, the specific conditions of the experiments, and the definitions of terms like coprecipitation and saturation.

danago
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Hi. If i was to conduct a few precipitation reactions, is there any reason why an unexpected precipitate will form, or any reason an expected precipitate will not be formed? I've though about things such as added ions in tap water (chlorine etc). Any other things?
 
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danago said:
Hi. If i was to conduct a few precipitation reactions, is there any reason why an unexpected precipitate will form, or any reason an expected precipitate will not be formed? I've though about things such as added ions in tap water (chlorine etc). Any other things?
Perhaps the test tubes were not cleaned properly and some ions from the previous experiment were left behind. Maybe there was nothing wrong and it was the lab technicans fault for incorrectly labeling the bottles containing the substances.
 
pavadrin said:
Perhaps the test tubes were not cleaned properly and some ions from the previous experiment were left behind. Maybe there was nothing wrong and it was the lab technicans fault for incorrectly labeling the bottles containing the substances.

lol :smile:
 
Some precipitation reactions are very sensative to temperature and some, like the silver mirror experiment, require rough surfaces or some point to start precipitating from (seed).

I have had such test fail or succeed just on the basis of the age of the test tube, with better results in older (scratched) glass tubes than in out-of-the-box tubes that are smooth.
 
danago said:
Hi. If i was to conduct a few precipitation reactions, is there any reason why an unexpected precipitate will form, or any reason an expected precipitate will not be formed? I've though about things such as added ions in tap water (chlorine etc). Any other things?

Yes, that as well as other factors e.g. coprecipitation etc...precipitation isn't so simple as adding the components. Unless carefully devised the precipitated product may be more or less crude. Since this is probably for general chemistry you won't have to worry about the analytical aspects too much, but in actuality the process is drawn out. In your case, I would consider the solubility of the particular precipitate, so as to account for the volume of solvent needed, you want to be well over the point of saturation to see the solids. Also, consider the temperature, you may need to heat the solution to digest sample and then cool it down to a certain temperature; that is sometimes it's preferable to employ an ice bath.
 
Thanks for the help everyone :)
 

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