Why is electron gain enthelpy generally exothermic?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the exothermic nature of electron gain enthalpy, specifically why atoms release energy upon gaining electrons. It is established that the net attractive force between an atom and an incoming electron results in energy release, contrasting with the endothermic process of ionization energy, which requires energy input to overcome nuclear attraction. Halogens, due to their smaller atomic size and higher nuclear charge, exhibit a greater release of energy when gaining electrons compared to other elements.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of atomic structure and electron configuration
  • Knowledge of ionization energy and its endothermic nature
  • Familiarity with concepts of nuclear attraction and electron affinity
  • Basic principles of thermodynamics related to energy changes in chemical processes
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the concept of electron affinity and its measurement in various elements
  • Study the periodic trends in electron gain enthalpy across different groups
  • Explore the relationship between atomic size, nuclear charge, and electron gain energy
  • Investigate the thermodynamic principles governing exothermic and endothermic reactions
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Chemistry students, educators, and researchers interested in atomic behavior, thermodynamics, and periodic trends in electron affinity.

takando12
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I understand that we need to supply energy to counter the nuclear attraction when we remove electrons and that is the reason ionization energy is endothermic. However, why does an atom release energy when we add an electron to it? And also why do some elements( like the halogens) release more energy than the rest? I can understand that it is easier for them to gain electrons than the others because of small size and increase in nuclear charge and I guess it just goes to the first question again.
Please help.
 
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takando12 said:
I understand that we need to supply energy to counter the nuclear attraction when we remove electrons and that is the reason ionization energy is endothermic. However, why does an atom release energy when we add an electron to it? And also why do some elements( like the halogens) release more energy than the rest? I can understand that it is easier for them to gain electrons than the others because of small size and increase in nuclear charge and I guess it just goes to the first question again.
Please help.
When an atom gains an electron there must be a net force of attraction between the atom and electron. So for the atom to gain an electron, would that require energy being added from the surroundings?

AM
 
Andrew Mason said:
When an atom gains an electron there must be a net force of attraction between the atom and electron. So for the atom to gain an electron, would that require energy being added from the surroundings?

AM
I really can't figure it out. How does the force of attraction relate to whether it releases energy or not?
 
takando12 said:
I really can't figure it out. How does the force of attraction relate to whether it releases energy or not?

That electron has some energy associated with it. So when the electron becomes bound to the nucleus, where does all that (or some of that) energy go?
 

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