Why is hydrogen the most common element in the universe?

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SUMMARY

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe primarily due to its formation during the Big Bang, where it was produced at a rapid rate compared to heavier elements. The stability of hydrogen, consisting of one proton and one electron, contributes to its prevalence, although helium, formed from two nucleons and two electrons, is also stable. The discussion highlights that the formation of heavier elements requires extreme conditions, making hydrogen easier to produce. This process is characterized as being under kinetic control rather than thermodynamic control, emphasizing the rapid formation of hydrogen in the early universe.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Big Bang nucleosynthesis
  • Basic knowledge of atomic structure and stability
  • Familiarity with nuclear binding energy concepts
  • Knowledge of kinetic vs. thermodynamic control in chemical processes
NEXT STEPS
  • Research Big Bang nucleosynthesis and its implications on elemental abundance
  • Study the stability of atomic nuclei, focusing on nuclear binding energy
  • Explore the processes of hydrogen fusion in stars and its energy production
  • Investigate the conditions required for the formation of heavier elements in stellar environments
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Astronomers, astrophysicists, chemistry students, and anyone interested in the fundamental composition of the universe and the processes that govern elemental formation.

olee
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i understand that everything else is less as they are (in turn) made from hydrogen, but why was so much of hydrogen made in the big bang?

i got a feeling because one proton and one electron is stable. (similarly, helium was produced as 2 nucleons + 2 electrons is also very stable) but I've never been 100% sure
 
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Helium is actually more stable than hydrogen. This is why stars and hydrogen bombs can create huge amounts of energy by fusing hydrogen into helium. In fact, in terms of stability of the nucleus (as measured by nuclear binding energy), iron-56 is the most stable. So, the stability of the atom does not seem like a good explanation for the abundance of hydrogen in the universe.

Likely (and someone please correct me if I'm wrong because I'm not an astrophysicist), hydrogen is the easiest atom to form (forms at the fastest rate) whereas the other types of atoms are much more difficult to form as they require extreme temperatures and pressures in order for protons to bind and form heavier nuclei. In chemistry terms, we can probably think of the formation of hydrogen in the early universe as a process under kinetic control rather than one under thermodynamic control.
 

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