What is Hydrogen: Definition and 999 Discussions

Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. With a standard atomic weight of 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element in the periodic table. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass. Non-remnant stars are mainly composed of hydrogen in the plasma state. The most common isotope of hydrogen, termed protium (name rarely used, symbol 1H), has one proton and no neutrons.
The universal emergence of atomic hydrogen first occurred during the recombination epoch (Big Bang). At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. Since hydrogen readily forms covalent compounds with most nonmetallic elements, most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water or organic compounds. Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid–base reactions because most acid-base reactions involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, hydrogen can take the form of a negative charge (i.e., anion) when it is known as a hydride, or as a positively charged (i.e., cation) species denoted by the symbol H+. The hydrogen cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds are always more complex. As the only neutral atom for which the Schrödinger equation can be solved analytically, study of the energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom has played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics.
Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century by the reaction of acids on metals. In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, the property for which it was later named: in Greek, hydrogen means "water-former".
Industrial production is mainly from steam reforming natural gas, and less often from more energy-intensive methods such as the electrolysis of water. Most hydrogen is used near the site of its production, the two largest uses being fossil fuel processing (e.g., hydrocracking) and ammonia production, mostly for the fertilizer market. Hydrogen is problematic in metallurgy because it can embrittle many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks.

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  1. Entropix

    I Hydrogen balloon experiment -- How high can it rise?

    If we launch a hydrogen balloon from the Earth surface (let's say it has a 2 meter radius) and assuming it's strong enough so it doesn't pop/disintegrate (it's made out of carbon nano-tubes). Where this balloon will stop? I'm more interested in the exact altitude it reaches or if it will keep...
  2. M

    Seeking books to help me understand the structure of the Hydrogen Atom

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  3. P

    I Emission Spectrum & Energy: Exciting Hydrogen Vapor

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  4. ergospherical

    I Instability of hydrogen ground state if the time-reversal operator is unitary

    Apparently if we try to represent the time reversal operator by a unitary operator ##T## satisfying ##U(t)T = TU(-t)##, then the ground state of hydrogen (the hamiltonian of which is time-reversal invariant) is unstable. But if ##T## is anti-unitary (i.e. ##\langle a | T^{\dagger} T | b \rangle...
  5. Y

    Why are Hydrogen cars not popular?

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  6. uxioq99

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  7. topsquark

    A Solving the Radial Equation for the Dirac Hydrogen Atom Solution

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  8. S

    I Are the proton and electron quantum entangled in the hydrogen atom?

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  9. J

    I Two hydrogen atoms and Pauli's exclusion principle

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  10. P

    Solubility depends on polarity or on the number of hydrogen bonds?

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  11. M

    Is there a way to use the hydrogen in the human body?

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  12. abolfazlghasemi

    Hydrogen dew point in power generators

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  13. C

    I Is the magnetic moment of a hydrogen atom not equal to Bohr's magneton?

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  14. S

    Tca mixed with hydrogen peroxide

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  15. KingoftheChaosEmpire

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  16. snoopies622

    I Why is the SE better than the KG equation for a hydrogen atom?

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  17. S

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  18. O

    I Why are the spectral lines weak in my hydrogen Geissler tube?

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  19. D

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  20. P

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  21. J

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  22. S

    I Partition function rotation

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  23. M

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  24. R

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  25. Salmone

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  26. guyvsdcsniper

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  27. guyvsdcsniper

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  28. Mr X

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  29. BenDover

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  30. Mr_Allod

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  31. agnimusayoti

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  32. Twigg

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  33. user366312

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  34. A

    Powerline electrolysis hydrogen production

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  35. Mayhem

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  36. M

    I Escape of Hydrogen from the Earth's Atmosphere

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  37. Astronuc

    Mining waste for cheaper hydrogen fuel production

    https://phys.org/news/2021-09-ingredient-cheaper-hydrogen-fuel-production.html
  38. T

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  39. H

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  40. M

    I Dirac equation in the hydrogen atom

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  41. seandepagnier

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  42. H

    Electron wavefunction in hydrogen

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  43. skywalker

    I More info on HT/HD shielding constants?

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  44. Ranku

    I Rotation curve with neutral hydrogen and dark matter

    Flat rotation curve in galaxies is determined by observing neutral hydrogen which is co-distributed with dark matter. What is the rotation curve profile of neutral hydrogen in galaxies where there is less dark matter?
  45. O

    I General solution of the hydrogen atom Schrödinger equation

    Hello everyone! I have two questions which had bothered me for quite some time. I am sorry if they are rather trivial. The first is about the general solution of the hydrogen atom schrödinger-equation: We learned in our quantum mechanics class that the general solution of every quantum system...
    • Oliver321
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  46. P

    B Can a hydrogen atom become a neutron?

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  47. H

    Calculating Pressure & Mass for Hydrogen Tank Filling

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  48. J

    Hydrogen in the Aviation Industry -- Survey

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  49. agnimusayoti

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  50. L

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