Why Is There Less Energy Difference for Iodobutane Compared to n-Butane?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the energy differences between the gauche and anti conformations of n-butane and iodobutane (1-iodopropane). Participants explore the factors influencing these energy differences, including steric effects and bond lengths, while also addressing potential misunderstandings regarding atomic sizes and energy measurements.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that the energy difference between the gauche and anti conformations of n-butane is reported as 3.6 kJ/mol, while for iodobutane, it is about 0.62 kJ/mol, prompting questions about the reasons for this discrepancy.
  • There is a suggestion that iodine, being a bulkier group, might contribute to increased steric strain, which would typically lead to a higher energy difference, but this is questioned by others.
  • Participants discuss the bond lengths, noting that the bond length between carbon and iodine is approximately 2 angstroms, compared to about 1.54 angstroms for carbon-carbon bonds in butane.
  • Some participants express confusion over the relative sizes of iodine and methyl groups, with one participant initially assuming iodine to be bulkier due to its higher atomic number.
  • Clarifications are made regarding atomic diameters, with specific values provided for carbon, hydrogen, and iodine, leading to a reevaluation of the bulkiness of the groups involved.
  • There are corrections regarding the energy difference values, with one participant initially misquoting the energy difference in kcal/mol instead of kJ/mol, leading to further discussion about the correct units.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express uncertainty and confusion regarding the role of iodine's size and bond lengths in determining energy differences. There is no consensus on the reasons for the observed energy differences, and multiple viewpoints are presented without resolution.

Contextual Notes

Some participants acknowledge potential misunderstandings in the measurements and comparisons of atomic sizes, as well as the correct interpretation of energy values, indicating that assumptions may need clarification.

jnimagine
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The difference in energy between gauche and anti of n-butane is 3.6kJ/mol. For the molecule iodobutane, I found the differnece in energy between the gauche and anti to be about 0.62KJ/mol...
What accounts for this difference?

and also, when you're asked to find the energy barriers to the rotation from anti to gauche and you have a graph of energy vs dihedral angle, you just find the difference in energy between anti and gauche right??
 
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jnimagine said:
The difference in energy between gauche and anti of n-butane is 3.6kJ/mol. For the molecule iodobutane, I found the differnece in energy between the gauche and anti to be about 0.62KJ/mol...
What accounts for this difference?

and also, when you're asked to find the energy barriers to the rotation from anti to gauche and you have a graph of energy vs dihedral angle, you just find the difference in energy between anti and gauche right??

Well what role does Iodine play here? You need to propose an explanation. Your second portion sounds correct if I am interpreting it correctly.
 


GCT said:
Well what role does Iodine play here? You need to propose an explanation. Your second portion sounds correct if I am interpreting it correctly.

ok to clarify I'm comparing the energy difference between gauche and anti of n-butane and 1-iodopropane not butane...- -;; what was i thinking...
anyways, I just think that there'd be more energy difference when there is Iodine because it's a bulkier group... hence more steric strain... but it turns out it's the opposite...! > . <
very confusedddd
 


You need to also consider that the bond length between carbon and iodine is about 2 angstroms while the bond length between carbons in butane is about 1.54 angstroms.

BTW... are you sure that iodine is bulkier than a methyl group?
 


chemisttree said:
You need to also consider that the bond length between carbon and iodine is about 2 angstroms while the bond length between carbons in butane is about 1.54 angstroms.

BTW... are you sure that iodine is bulkier than a methyl group?

so since they're farther apart, there's less energy..??
oh... I just thought iodine was bulkier... cuz.. it has a higher atomic number... nope... maybe not... lol ohh if methyl groupd is bulkier, it makes sense that it has a higher energy difference...
please clarify for me..! > . <
 


Atomic diameters (covalent):

Carbon - 1.52 A
Hydrogen - 0.72 A (and there's three of 'em) Only about half of this diameter adds to the total diameter of the methyl group.

Iodine - 2.66 A. So the methyl group is about 1.8 A in diameter which is smaller than iodine at about 2.7 A.

Oops! My reference shows the difference between gauche and anti in n-butane to be about 0.6 kcal/mol, not 3.6 kcal/mol. 3.4 kcal/mol is the energy difference between eclipsed and gauche... and it's kcal/mole not kJ/mole.
 
Last edited:


chemisttree said:
Atomic diameters (covalent):

Carbon - 1.52 A
Hydrogen - 0.72 A (and there's three of 'em) Only about half of this diameter adds to the total diameter of the methyl group.

Iodine - 2.66 A. So the methyl group is about 1.8 A in diameter which is smaller than iodine at about 2.7 A.

Oops! My reference shows the difference between gauche and anti in n-butane to be about 0.6 kcal/mol, not 3.6 kcal/mol. 3.4 kcal/mol is the energy difference between eclipsed and gauche... and it's kcal/mole not kJ/mole.

no... the question stated that the difference between gauche and anti of n-butane is 3.6kJ/mol... not kcal/mol...
 


jnimagine said:
no... the question stated that the difference between gauche and anti of n-butane is 3.6kJ/mol... not kcal/mol...

OK, my bad. I should have looked at that more carefully.
 


chemisttree said:
OK, my bad. I should have looked at that more carefully.


so the reason why there's less energy difference for 1-iodopropane... is that I is a less bulkier group, and the bond length with C is longer??
 

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