It was interesting to read about the use of petroleum for well fracturing. I worked for Skelly oil and then for Halliburton R&D back in the late 1960's and the only fluid I ever saw used then in Oklahoma was water, or actually brine from water producing wells. Fresh water could not be used in any well that contained any percent of clay in the producing formation because it would cause the clay to swell and seal off the sand pores shutting off the flow of oil.