Z component of spin angular momentum quantum number values

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the values of the z component of spin angular momentum quantum numbers, particularly focusing on why certain values, such as zero, are not permissible for different spin systems. The scope includes theoretical considerations in quantum mechanics related to spin 1/2 and spin 1 particles.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why the S_z quantum number cannot be zero, referencing standard angular momentum systems where values range from -l to +l.
  • Another participant notes that while a spin 1 particle can have m_s = 0 in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, this interpretation changes in a relativistic context where helicity becomes relevant.
  • A different viewpoint suggests that for spin 1/2 particles, the z component can be interpreted as having values of -1/2, 0, and 1/2, with zero indicating a direction in the xy plane.
  • One participant counters this by asserting that the values must differ by 1, thus only allowing -1/2 and +1/2 for spin 1/2 particles.
  • The same participant expresses curiosity about how a general direction of angular momentum in the xy plane is represented, suggesting a need for clarification on this aspect.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the permissible values of the z component of spin angular momentum, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the dependence on the definitions of spin and angular momentum in different contexts, particularly between nonrelativistic and relativistic frameworks. There are also unresolved questions regarding the representation of angular momentum direction in the xy plane.

LostConjugate
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Hello,

What prevents the S_z quantum number from having a value of zero? With a standard angular momentum system the quantum number can have values between -l and +l.
 
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Technically, in nonrelativistic QM a spin 1 particle can have m_s = 0. However, a particle with spin 1 is properly described in a relativistic context, where m_s loses its nonrelativistic meaning and the concept of helicity steps in.
 
What about spin of 1/2? It should still be able to have -1/2, 0, and 1/2. Zero in the z component as a quantum number just means that the angular momentum cone is roughly pointing somewhere in the xy plane.
 
No, no, the weights must differ by 1, so it's -1/2, then +1/2.
 
dextercioby said:
No, no, the weights must differ by 1, so it's -1/2, then +1/2.

Oh, so it is a consequence of the 1/2 angular momentum itself. How is a general direction of the angular momentum in the xy plane represented then?
 

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