Drakkith said:
If you're suggesting that the plasma inside a reactor is emitting the same amount of radiation as a solid blackbody at the same temperature and size, then you are very wrong. A very, very thin and sparse medium at temp T will obviously emit less radiation than, say, a blackbody at that same temp T. You can easily test this at home. Heat up something until it's red hot (a stovetop burner will also work in a pinch) and then place your hand near it and feel how warm it is. Then move your hand up and place it just out of the hot air plume. The hot air emits so much less thermal radiation that you almost can't feel it.
What is this for nonsense your talking about. You have no idea of the three mechanisms of heat transfer, do you? These are conductivity, radiation and convection. Air, can be as hot as it likes, since air almost always has a low heat capacity plus a very very low heat conductivity. A metal on the contrary has a little bit mor heat capacity but a way higher heat conductivity. So in order to get a stove to glow red, is roughly 800 degrees celcius. And you state i should touch 800 degrees celcius stove by hand, or you serious? This is dangerous so I give you a red card for improper behaviour.
Plus if you lets work at a superkanthal oven. It can easily achieve 1500 degress celcius. The cladding insinde the oven is mostly made of Al2O3, since it then is nearly a white body almost emitting no radiation. But as soon as you open the doors of this oven youll have to wear special clothing because of all the radiation which comes out. As you might know Stefan-Boltzman-law is I = epsilon*sigma*A*T^4. thermal conductivity on the other hand is just dQ/dt = lambda*A*(T_2-T_1)/d. So the flow of energy is proportional to lambda - heat conductivity, A - the surface, d - the distance to overcome. And The Temperaturedifference T_2-T_1. So conductivity goes linearly with rising temperature, radiation on the other hand goes with T^4. And you can easily calcculate the radiation is the dominant heat transfer process above 1000 degrees celcius, regardless of how small or large your epsilon is. Simply because hte heat transfer by radiation rises wwith the power of T^4.
I don't know of every method used, but one is by using a
Langmuir probe.
Nonsense. You can physically stick a probe into the plasma without it quickly melting. The heat transfer to the probe is much lower than you might expect thanks to the very low density of the plasma. This is also why you can stick your hand into an oven without burning it but as soon as you touch any metal inside you almost immediately get burned. The air is so much less dense than the metal that it simply cannot conduct heat into your skin fast enough to give you a burn. The density of plasma in a magnetic confinement reactor (about 10^-9 g/cm3 or less) is vastly less than that of the air in your oven, so even the extremely high temperatures will not immediately melt solid materials.
Ah now I get it. you use a langmuir-probe with a small exposure to stick inside the plasma. Yep a langmuir-probe is sort of like a capacitor. And yep, if electrons fly around this object, then you can get a charge transfer from the one side of the capacitance to the other side, which gives a voltage. And yep Langmuir, was a bright scientist, who even calculated, the dependence of the voltage of the langmuir-probe to the electron temperature T_e. But T_e is not the Plasma-Temperature. Which can easily be explained by the fact, that electrons simply have a small mass in comparison to the nucleaus of an atom, even if it was just hydrogen. But since you claim your using Deuterium and Tritium the ratio is even worse. So what do you want to prove with your statement. A short time exposure of a probe is possible, and I never said something different.
I said to measure the temperature of a plasma with a physical object is impossible. Since temperature measurment with a physical object only is possible in thermodynamic equilibrium (Electron temperature on the contrary can also be measured transient but has no meaning to the plasma temperature). And most materials are either gaseous or already a plasma, when they reach 5000 K. Plus if your plasma is so diluted, that if you go into it with a langmuir-probe and it can stay there at these high temperatures, because a) of its high reclectivity and b) because the plasma is so diluted, that almost no heat transfer via thermal conduction takes place. The introduction of the langmuir-probe will surely act as a heat sink, which distorts zour measurement results. What sahll I say, dang happens.
So again the question, how do you measure a temperature inside a plasma? Answer. Not possible, you can only measure the surface temperature of a plasma. as it is done daily by satellites measuring the AM0 Spectrum of the sun using IR cameras. This is the easiest and most reliable way to measure the temperature of a hot plasma without interacting disturbing with it. Because the volume temperature, how do you wanna measure it? As soon as you bring a cold object into a hot plasma youll induce a heat gradient, distroting the plasma. That is bullshit.
And please dont write anything about measurement tools, if you have no idea how to use them and what they actually measure.
Because if you dont know what is Phase, then you should also avoid to become an electrician, seriously.
And thanks alot, that you try to mob me, because of my easy straight to the point jargon, proclaiming that i was stupid or something.
Guess what I got a PhD in applied Quantum Physics, where I used a Quantum Physical Measurment Routine and advanced it
to the point, where you could measure chemical elements and their corresponding reactions in a silicon substrate.
Most of them were equilibrium reactions, so you could trigger these reactions quite easily in the one or other direction.
So yeah I could prove, that the laws of thermodynamics and kinetics also applied for these ractions.
Why should you care? Because the concentration of these Elements was as low as 10^5 cm^-3.
And if you say now, wooh that is much, than you dont know anything about matter.
Since the density of silicon is roughly, (depends on temperature for instance) 2*10^22 atoms cm^-3.
So it was a chemicla analysis of reactions in the conentraions of ppq to ppp (parts per qudrillion to parts per pentillion)
To compare it an SEM with WDX detector can in the best case give you a resolution limit of 10 to 100 ppm
With Qudrupol-SIMS or TOF-SIMS you get into the ppt range. But even Sims is restricted.
So to get into the ppq Range of concentrations youll already have to use something like DLTS
And in the ppp Range, then you need T-IDLS, preferably with a self calibrating PL-Tool, sop you dont get so much Trapping-Measurement-Artifacts.
Or you could also try out my favourite measurement technique, wwhich is called TMBA (Too man bloody Acronymes)
Say it straight to the point an not sophisticating around, thats not scientific.
So Yep I kn ow what Im talking about. either in physics, chemistry or even biology and programming.;
I know what Im doing and I know what Im talking about. So please take my advice serious!
Give me a measurement protocol, which is capable of measuring plasma temperature (not electron temperature, know the f%$#@ng difference).
Or I dont believe you anything. And yeah this picture is quite old, I would say 5 years or so since I first published it on multiple platforms. And many serious scientists agree with me. So please now its your turn. Deliver results, that are reliable, or in a few decades your fraud will simply be discovered by other scientists who now start to question if you guys even have results at all, or just publish some values for entertainment reasons. Cheeers.
