Superposition/electron energy levels

[granpa]

when an electron in an atom transitions from one shell to another does it do it instantly or is there a time when it is partially in one and partially in the other. in other words in a superposition of both states.

 

[malawi_glenn]

In the framework of time-dependent perturbation theory, yes, the state will be a superposition of states, and there is a probability for it to decay to the ground state each unit time.

 

[Entropia]

The concept of superposition in electron energy levels is a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics. When an electron in an atom transitions from one energy level to another, it does not do so instantaneously. Instead, there is a period of time during which the electron is in a superposition of both states, meaning it exists in a combination of the two energy levels simultaneously.

This phenomenon is described by the Schrödinger equation, which governs the behavior of quantum particles. According to the equation, the electron's state is described by a wave function, which represents the probability of finding the electron in a particular energy level. During the transition, the wave function evolves, and the electron's probability of being in one energy level decreases while its probability of being in the other increases.

The duration of this superposition state depends on the energy difference between the two levels and the strength of the interaction between the electron and its surroundings. In some cases, the transition can happen very quickly, while in others, it may take longer for the electron to fully transition to the new energy level.

Overall, the concept of superposition is essential in understanding the behavior of electrons in atoms and other quantum systems. It highlights the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics and challenges our classical understanding of particles as having definite positions and states at all times.