Number theory Definition and 460 Threads

Hello everyone,I've been empirically analyzing the transitions between successive odd numbers in the Collatz sequence (m_{new} = (3m_{old}+1)/2^N).I've observed that odd integers that produce a specific "valuation jump", \Delta v = v_2(3m_{new}+1) - v_2(3m_{old}+1), seem to fall into arithmetic...

Let ##f(x)= \min\limits_{m, n \in \mathbb Z} \left|x- \sqrt{m^2+2 \, n^2}\right|## be the minimum distance between a positive real ##x## and a number of the form ##\sqrt{m^2 + 2 n^2}## with ##m, n## integers. Let us consider a radius ##R## and let us consider the set ##S_R## of integer points...

I know if k=1 then S=0,235711.. is Copeland-Erdös number and it's irational. Can you give me an idea?

The Copeland-Erdős number is formed by writing prime numbers consecutively, one after the other. So ##0,2357111315171923...## is Copeland-Erdős number. According to my net research; Copeland-Erdős number is a normal number. A number being normal means that any sequence of n digits in its...

Hi, after stumbling about We show that there are infinitely many primes of the form p² + nq² with both p and q prime ... I found that using n=4 the formula gives 205 and 221 with p=3, q=7 and p=5, q=7 respectively. So, how to understand that?

I think $$x,y,z$$ must be multiple of 4 but I couldn't go on.

My attempt and solution : $$2^x=3^y+509\Longrightarrow 2^x-512=3^y+509-512\Longrightarrow 2^x-2^9=3^y-3$$ $$\Longrightarrow 2^9(2^{x-9}-1)=3(3^{y-1}-1)$$ $$\Longrightarrow (x,~y)=\boxed{(9,~1)}$$ İs there any solution?

Kurepa's conjecture states that for any prime number p > 2, we have $$0! + 1! + \ldots + (p - 1)! \not\equiv 0 \pmod{p}$$ We let !p denote the expression on the left-hand side. We call it the left factorial of p. We do not know any infinite set of prime numbers for which the conjecture holds...

I tried to figure it out by proof by contradiction. I assumed wlog that one side is a prime number, which gave a contradiction, and I also found that such a triangle should be isosceles. Then I assumed wlog that one of the heights is a prime number and I also got a contradiction. Therefore, all...

Subject: Discussion on Astronomical Prime Numbers and Re-evaluating the Primality of the Number 1 Dear Members of the Physics Forum, I hope this message finds you well. I've been avidly exploring various discussions on prime numbers and came across an intriguing thread on your forum titled "Is...

Not many code examples exist for how one would go about writing an L-function. Can anyone give me a step-by-step run down of how to do this and/or link me to relevant resources?

do you know any books, videos, or notes that can help me to understand these topics: 1-primitive roots for primes 2-the existence of primitive roots I am using right now elementary number theory and its application by Kenneth H. Rosen to understand these topics, do you know another source that...

These are the two tables I developed trying to untangle how the Collatz Conjecture operates, and this certainly helps clear the water a bit

I would like to know if my answer is correct and if no ,could you correct.But it should be right I hope:

Hi, For an engineer who graduated and finished typical Cal A,B,C + Linear Algebra + ODE, what book do you recommend to start reading to be a transition to advanced pure math subjects like abstract algebra and number theory? I did deep google search & concluded that that book supposed to include...

Find a perfect power k^m > 1 where k, m, k^m do not contain 2 in their decimal digits, nor do share any decimal digit, no matter if k^m might possibly be expressed in more than one way for some value, e.g. 8^2 = 4^3. I do not know if such an integer exists at all, or how many and how large they...

Proof: Suppose that all primes except for 3 must have remainder of 1 or 2 when divided by 3. Then we have the form 3p+1 or 3p+2. Note that the product of integers of the form 3p+1 also have the form...

Proof: Suppose for the sake of contradiction that gcd(a, b) \neq 1. Then there exists a prime number k that divides both a+b and ab. Note that k divides either a or b. Since k divides a+b, it follows that k divides b. Thus, this is a...

So far, I've taken Ordinary Differential Equations and Introduction to Mathematical Proof. My plan is to take "Introduction To Number Theory" for next semester in Spring 2022. But my professor told me that she won't use a textbook for this class. I was wondering what are some of the good...

This is my work.

Please view the picture of my work which I've uploaded.

In this question, how does the step marked with 1 become the step marked with 2? I can see that the transitivity property of congruence is used, but I don’t know what exactly is going on here. Can someone please explain? Also at which step is Congruence Add and Multiply used? Thanks...

https://www.google.com/search?q=housie+game&sxsrf=AOaemvL_lIxvNy-2ufp2Ax01Q6aZ1Mh6qQ:1636561781166&source=hp&ei=dfOLYcL0Btn4hwPKzbfwCA&gs_ssp=eJzj4tVP1zc0TDaqNC83yTYyYPTizsgvLc5MVUhPzE0FAHSPCJk&oq=Housie+game&gs_lcp=ChFtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1ocBABGAAyCAguEIAEELEDMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCAB...

Hello, I read something about to which I have a small question of understanding. Before I would like to outline it a little. So we have the primes ##p## and ##q## and we know ##p|x## and ##n = p\cdot q## furthermore it follows that ##p|n## also holds. Now it was said that if ##p|x##, then...

Hello people of physicsforums. Has anyone proved these problems in number theory :Riemann hypothesis, Goldbach conjecture, twin primes conjecture, infinitude of prime numbers? If you want make discussion about them. Thank you for allowing me participate in physicsforums and for wanting to make...

If (u,v) = 1, prove that (u+v,u-v) is either 1 or 2. Where (,) means: $$ux_1 + vx_2 = 1$$ $$u + v(x_2/x_1) = 1/x_1, u(x_1/x_2) + v = 1/x_2$$ $$u + v = 1/x_1 + 1/x_2 - v x_2/x_1 - u x_1/x_2$$ $$u - v = 1/x_1 - 1/x_2 + u x_1/x_2 - v x_2/x_1$$ Now we can express (u+v,u-v). But i am not sure if...

Hello. I do not understand how to solve systems of three or two congruences of one unknown of first order, a congruence of one unknown of second order and a system of diophantine equations of two or three unknowns. Could someone help me by providing examples in these cases? Thank you.

Is the partition function used in number theory and statistical mechanics the same thing?

Hello, I am a very experienced Mathematician with a BSc Honours degree in Mathematics and one year MSc studies in Operational Research in Sussex and London Universities respectively. I am interested in Advanced Calculus, Algebras, Positivity in Algebraic Geometry, The standard Model, and many...

Let $p$ be an odd prime number such that $p\equiv 2\pmod{3}.$ Define a permutation $\pi$ of the residue classes modulo $p$ by $\pi(x)\equiv x^3\pmod{p}.$ Show that $\pi$ is an even permutation if and only if $p\equiv 3\pmod{4}.$

1. For $(a,b) = 1$ and prime $p\ne 2$, prove that $\displaystyle \left(a+b, \frac{a^p+b^p}{a+b}\right) = 1$ or $p$.

Are there any good images that can be used as a hook for an elementary number theory course?

Are there any good images that can be used as a hook for an elementary number theory course?

I've found that ##N_1## is 1. But it's really tiresome to find them one by one. I also tried to use the equation but couldn't. Please help me out.

Why do all elementary number theory courses have the following topics - gcd, linear Diophantine equations, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, factorization, modular arithmetic, Fermat's Little Theorem, Euler's Theorem, primitive roots, quadratic residues and nonlinear Diophantine equations?

Why do all elementary number theory courses have the following topics - gcd, linear Diophantine equations, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, factorization, modular arithmetic, Fermat's Little Theorem, Euler's Theorem, primitive roots, quadratic residues and nonlinear Diophantine equations?

First, I know the answer: 301. I thought (despite the injunction that the problem is to be done without number theory) that the Chinese Remainder Theorem might be of help (if I would use a subset which contained only relatively primes), but that didn't get very far. I also tried to spot a...

I am writing an introduction to a first course in elementary number theory. The topics are linear Diophantine equations, modular arithmetic including FLT and Euler's Generalization, quadratic residues and Non - linear Diophantine equations. How can I write an introduction to this showing linkage...

I am trying to write an algorithm that generates two random numbers in a given interval such that their ratio is an irrational number. I understand that all numbers stored on a computer are rational, so it is not possible to have a truly irrational number in a simulation. So, instead I am...

I need to give an option talk about elementary number theory module. I will discuss how it is study of positive integers particularly the primes and give some cryptography applications. What is a good hook to stipulate in this talk regarding an introduction to elementary number theory?

I need to give an option talk about elementary number theory module. I will discuss how it is study of positive integers particularly the primes and give some cryptography applications. What is a good hook to stipulate in this talk regarding an introduction to elementary number theory?

Dear Everyone, Here is the question: "Prove that if $k$ divides the integers $a$ and $b$, then $k$ divides $as+bt$ for every pair of integers $s$ and $t$ for every pair of integers." The attempted work: Suppose $k$ divides $a$ and $k$ divides $b$, where $a,b\in\mathbb{Z}$. Then, $a=kt$ and...

Homework Statement Let ##n## be odd and a composite number, prove that all of its prime is at most ##\frac{n}{3} ## Homework Equations Some theorems might help? Any ##n>1## must have a prime factor if n is composite then there is a prime ##p<√n## such that ##p|n## The Attempt at a Solution...

Let $$g(n)$$ be the numerators of the elements of the recursion $$i(n)=i(n-1)+\frac{1}{i(n-1)}$$ when they are expressed in simplest form, with $$i(0)=1$$. Let $$p$$ be the smallest prime factor of $$g(m)$$. Show that $$p>4m-4$$.Homework Equations Euler's Theorem? The Attempt at a Solution OEIS...

<Moderator's note: Edited and URL removed due to potential copyright violation.> When was the first publication of the abbreviation RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) because it does not appear in an article by Martin Gardner of 1977.

Suppose that ##n,j \in \mathbb{N}##, ##j \in [0, n-1]##, and ##n~|~2j##. Why is it the case that ##j = 0## or ##2j = n##? This is used in a proof of something else, but I am getting tripped up on this part. I know it has to do with the fact that ##j \in [0, n-1]##. Is it because ##n## can't ever...

I am looking for some interesting questions on quadratic residues. Anyone know of any resources for an elementary number theory course. I am not looking for drill problems to practice but some important results.

So I was taught that If gcd (a, p) = 1, then ap-1 ≡ 1 (mod p) And then the proof was Lemma: Let p be prime, Let i, j ,k = Integers If gcd (k, p) = 1 and ik ≡ jk (mod p) then i ≡ j (mod p) Main Proof: Consider 1a, 2a, 3a, ..., (p - 1)a Taking mod p is some arrangement of 1, 2, 3, ..., p - 1 Then...

Homework Statement Find the known pythagorean triangles with sides of integers lengths, given the area of the pythagorean triangle is 60. Homework Equations Pythagorean triangles are right angled triangles. a primitive pythagorean triple is of the form: x=2mn y=m^2-n^2 z=m^2+n^2 gcd(m,n)=1...

Question: There are three non-negative integers with the following property: If you multiply any two of the numbers and subtract the third number, the result is a perfect power of 2. Find these three numbers that satisfy this property. My attempt: I worked out that the three numbers must be...