A/F Ratio & BSFC: Q&A to Understand Effects

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The air/fuel ratio significantly impacts engine output and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), with an optimal ratio enhancing performance and efficiency. BSFC tends to increase at low engine outputs due to incomplete combustion and lower thermal efficiency. As engine output rises, BSFC improves because combustion becomes more efficient and the engine operates closer to its optimal performance range. Injection timing also plays a crucial role; early injection can lead to better mixing and combustion, while late injection may cause increased emissions and reduced efficiency. Understanding these dynamics is essential for optimizing engine performance and fuel economy.
krish1988
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I have few questions as i am bit confused

Q1. I want to know what are the influence of the air/fuel ratio on engine output and Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC).

Q2. why bsfc increases at low engine output?

Q3. why bsfc improves as engine output increases?

Q4. what are the effects of early and late injection timing?
 
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