The acceleration of a pendulum can be described using the equations of simple harmonic motion (SHM). The acceleration is proportional to the negative displacement from the equilibrium position. The formula for acceleration in SHM is a(t) = -ω²x(t), where ω is the angular frequency and x(t) is the displacement as a function of time. Understanding these relationships allows for the calculation of acceleration at any point in the pendulum's swing. Accurate modeling of pendulum motion relies on these fundamental SHM equations.