Altarelli & Meloni's GUT-minimalism

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SUMMARY

Altarelli and Meloni present a non-supersymmetric Grand Unified Theory (GUT) based on SO(10) that meets all critical phenomenological requirements below the GUT scale, $M_{GUT}$. This model achieves coupling unification compatible with proton decay limits and incorporates a Yukawa sector aligned with quark and lepton mass data, facilitating leptogenesis for baryon asymmetry. Additionally, it introduces an axion from the Higgs sector to address the strong CP problem and account for Dark Matter. The authors emphasize the significance of a specific breaking chain involving the Pati-Salam group at an intermediate scale of approximately $10^{11}$ GeV.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Grand Unified Theories (GUTs)
  • Familiarity with SO(10) gauge group and its implications
  • Knowledge of baryogenesis and leptogenesis concepts
  • Basic principles of particle physics, including quark and lepton masses
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of SO(10) in Grand Unified Theories
  • Explore the role of axions in particle physics and cosmology
  • Study the Pati-Salam model and its relationship to the Standard Model
  • Investigate the connection between GUTs and string theory frameworks
USEFUL FOR

Particle physicists, cosmologists, and theoretical physicists interested in Grand Unified Theories, particularly those exploring non-supersymmetric models and their implications for fundamental physics.

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http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.1001
A non Supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Model for All the Physics below $M_{GUT}$
Guido Altarelli, Davide Meloni
(Submitted on 5 May 2013)
We present a renormalizable non supersymmetric Grand Unified SO(10) model which, at the price of a large fine tuning, is compatible with all compelling phenomenological requirements below the unification scale and thus realizes a minimal extension of the SM, unified in SO(10) and describing all known physics below $M_{GUT}$. These requirements include coupling unification at a large enough scale to be compatible with the bounds on proton decay; a Yukawa sector in agreement with all the data on quark and lepton masses and mixings and with leptogenesis as the origin of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe; an axion arising from the Higgs sector of the model, suitable to solve the strong CP problem and to account for the observed amount of Dark Matter. The above constraints imposed by the data are very stringent and single out a particular breaking chain with the Pati-Salam group at an intermediate scale $M_I\sim10^{11}$ GeV.

For those interested in "minimalism", this is an interesting construction because it incorporates GUT successes that aren't part of the nuMSM.

To turn this into a true "phenomenological theory of everything", you also need to add an inflaton (singlet under SO(10), I guess) and e.g. a cosmological constant for the dark energy.
 
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Baez and Huerta did a good job explaining the breaking via a square with sides

SO(10)---> PatiSalam,
SO(10)--->SU(5)
PatiSalam---> StandardModel
SU(5)---> StandardModel

It is amusing that there is a counterpart of the square with manifolds, looking the groups as isometries on compact manifolds, with the relabeling

SO(10) ==== sphere S9
SU(5) ===== CP4
P-S ===== S3 x S5
SM ==== Witten's 7 dim manifolds.

Because of this, a naive, unfulfilled expectation of the string approach had been to produce SM from M-Theory, PatiSalam (and/or SU(5)) from F-Theory and SO(10) from S-theory.
 
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