Annoying Differential Geometry/tensor question in GR

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SUMMARY

The forum discussion centers on the application of differential geometry in the context of general relativity, specifically while working through Robert H. Gowdy's paper on vacuum spacetimes. The user employs an orthonormal basis method to derive curvature tensors and Einstein equations, encountering challenges with the structure equations involving one-form matrices. Key issues include the significance of the hat notation on the Omega matrices and the rearrangement of terms in the structure equations, as well as the derivation of connection forms and the distinction between symmetric and asymmetric components of matrices.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of differential geometry concepts, particularly in the context of general relativity.
  • Familiarity with curvature tensors and Einstein equations.
  • Knowledge of orthonormal basis methods in mathematical physics.
  • Experience with matrix operations and properties, including symmetric and asymmetric components.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of the hat notation in differential geometry, particularly in relation to connection forms.
  • Research the derivation and properties of curvature tensors in general relativity.
  • Explore the role of symmetric and asymmetric components in matrix theory and their applications in physics.
  • Examine the structure equations in detail, focusing on their derivation and physical significance.
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This discussion is beneficial for theoretical physicists, mathematicians specializing in differential geometry, and graduate students studying general relativity who are looking to deepen their understanding of curvature tensors and structure equations.

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i'm working through appendix A of the paper "Vacuum Spacetimes with Two-Parameter Spacelike Isometry Groups and Compact Invariant Hypersurfaces:Topologies and Boundary Conditions" by Robert H. Gowdy

anyway i. using a orthonormal basis method to get the curvature tensors and hence the einstein eqns

i have w^0=Le^adt, w^1=Le^a d \theta, w= \left( \begin{array}{c} w^2 \\ w^3 \end{array} \right)=L \left( \begin{array}{cc} M_{22} & M_{23} \\ M_{32} & M_{33} \end{array} \right)

the structure eqn is dw^{\mu}=w^\mu_\nu \wedge w^\nu and is rewritten in terms of the one-form matrices \Omega_0=\left( \begin{array}{c} w^2_0 \\ w^3_0 \end{array} \right), \Omega_1 \left( \begin{array}{c} w^2_1 \\ w^3_1 \end{array} \right), \Omega=w^2_3 \epsilon where \epsilon= \left( \begin{array}{cc} 0 & 1 \\ -1 & 0 \end{array} \right)

the structure eqns become

dw^0=w^0_1 \wedge w^1 + \hat{\Omega_0} \wedge w (1)
dw^1=w^0_1 \wedge w^0 - \hat{\Omega_1} \wdge w (2)
dw=\Omega_0 \wedge w^0 + \Omega_1 \wedge w^1 + \Omega \wedge w
where the antisymmetry w_{\mu \nu}=-w_{\nu \mu} has been used.

the antisymmetric derivatives are copmuted to be

dw^0=L^{-1} a' e^{-a} w^1 \wedge w^0
dw^1=L^{-1} \dot{a} e^{-a} w^0 \wedge w^1
dw=L^{-1} e^{-a} (Pw^0+uw^1) \wedge w
where P=\dot{M}M^{-1},U=M'M^{-1}

i should mention that L is a constant and a is a function of \theta,t
so I'm having a few problems with what should be straightforward differential geometry:

(i) in (1) and (2) why is there a hat on the Omega matrices? what does this signify? some sort of antisymmetric version of Omega?

(ii) in (2), if you plug the numbers into the structure eqns, the first term should just be w^1_0 \wedge w^1 but they somehow rearrange to w^0_1 \wedge w^1. How does this work?

(iii) finally, and probably most importantly, how do they get dw^0,dw^1 and dw?
 
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ok. I've actually managed (iii) myself. i still don't get (i) or (ii) though.

i have a bit of difficulty with another bit though:
we then solve the structure eqns for the connection forms giving
w^0{}_1=-L^{-1}e^{-a}(a'w^0+ \dot{a} w^1) i can get this one

i can't get these next three though:
\Omega_0=-L^{-1}e^{-a}P_{sym}w, \Omega_1=-L^{-1}e^{-a}U_{sym}w, \Omega=L^{-1}e^{-a}(Pw^0+Uw^1)_{asym}
in particular why we take the symmetric and asymmetric components of those matrices.
can anybody help here?

thanks.
 
Last edited:

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