Approximating the gamma function near x=-3

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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on approximating the gamma function near the point x = -3, as posed in a problem from James Nearing's "Mathematical Tools for Physicists." Participants explore the behavior of the gamma function for values near -3, as well as near other points such as 1, 0, and -1, and how to sketch its graph across these ranges.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Homework-related

Main Points Raised

  • One participant describes the gamma function and its definition for positive x, and presents the problem of approximating it near various points, including -3.
  • The same participant attempts to derive an approximation for \Gamma(x) near -3, leading to a result that does not match the expected answer of \Gamma(x)≈-1/(6(x+3)).
  • Another participant suggests that the first participant is close to a correct approach and prompts them to consider the approximation of x(x+1)(x+2) near -3.
  • A later reply indicates that the first participant's derived approximation does agree with the expected answer, prompting a realization and acknowledgment of oversight.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

The discussion shows some initial disagreement regarding the correctness of the derived approximation for \Gamma(x) near -3, but later exchanges suggest a resolution of misunderstanding rather than a definitive consensus on the method used.

Contextual Notes

Participants rely on the identity x\Gamma(x)=\Gamma(x+1) and the behavior of the gamma function near specific points, but the discussion does not resolve the nuances of these approximations or the implications of the derived expressions.

theumbrellaman
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I've just started self studying James Nearing's "Mathematical Tools for Physicists" (available at http://www.physics.miami.edu/~nearing/mathmethods/mathematical_methods-three.pdf), and I'm having trouble with problem 1.16 about the gamma function, defined for positive x as \Gamma(x)= \int_0^\infty t^{x-1}e^{-t}\,dt.

The problem asks
What is the gamma function for x near 1? 0? -1? -2? -3? Now sketch a graph of the gamma function from -3 through positive values. Ans: Near -3, \Gamma(x)≈-1/(6(x+3))

The problem also suggests to make use of the identity x\Gamma(x)= \Gamma(x+1). Earlier in the text he mentions how, since \Gamma(1)=0!=1, using the identity above we can make the approximation for x near 0: \Gamma(x)≈\frac{\Gamma(1)}{x}=\frac{1}{x}.

I've tried to replicate this technique by approximating \Gamma(x) near -1 as \Gamma(x)=\frac{\Gamma(x+1)}{x}≈\frac{1/(x+1)}{x}=\frac{1}{x(x+1)}. Continuing in this manner leads to \Gamma(x)≈1/(x(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)) for x near -3, which doesn't agree with his answer. Thanks in advance for the help!
 
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You are on the right track, and nearly done:
Close to -3, what is x(x+1)(x+2) approximately?
 
theumbrellaman said:
\Gamma(x)≈1/(x(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)) for x near -3, which doesn't agree with his answer.
It agrees !
 

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haha wow can't believe I didn't notice that. thanks!
 

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