Are Sterile Neutrinos the Key to Dark Matter?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the potential existence of sterile neutrinos as a candidate for dark matter. Participants explore the implications of recent observations and theoretical models related to sterile neutrinos, including their detection challenges and interactions, as well as their role in the broader context of dark matter research.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants reference a recent article suggesting that sterile neutrinos could decay into ordinary matter, producing detectable x-ray photons, and discuss the implications of this for dark matter detection.
  • Others mention ongoing experiments using different x-ray telescopes to search for evidence of sterile neutrinos, noting intriguing findings that may support their existence.
  • A participant expresses curiosity about the nature of sterile neutrinos, questioning whether their lack of interaction with forces other than gravity indicates something unique about them or about gravity itself.
  • Another participant introduces speculative ideas about sterile neutrinos interacting through mechanisms outside the Standard Model, including potential connections to right-handed neutrinos and the seesaw mechanism.
  • One participant presents a hypothesis from researchers suggesting that dark matter particles could be significantly heavier than protons and may decay into particles that interact with ordinary matter.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the nature and implications of sterile neutrinos, with no clear consensus on their properties or the validity of competing models. The discussion remains open and exploratory.

Contextual Notes

Some claims rely on theoretical frameworks that are not universally accepted, and the discussion includes various speculative ideas that have not been definitively proven or widely agreed upon.

marcus
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Tentative evidence supporting the possible existence of "sterile neutrinos" is reported in the current SciAm:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=a-whole-lot-of-nothing

If anyone can fill in details for us, or elaborate on points made in the short news article, please do.

==sample excerpt==
...

... Alexander Kusenko of the University of California, Los Angeles... and Michael Loewenstein of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center reasoned that if sterile neutrinos really are dark matter, they would occasionally decay into ordinary matter, producing a lighter neutrino and an x-ray photon, and it would make sense to search for these x-rays wherever dark matter is found. Using the Chandra x-ray telescope, they observed a nearby dwarf galaxy thought to be rich in dark matter and found an intriguing bump of x-rays at just the right wavelength...
==endquote==

Kusenko and Lowenstein recently repeated their experiment using a different x-ray telescope--the XMM-Newton.

This type of neutrino is called "sterile" because even less apt to interact with other matter than ordinary neutrinos. Therefore even more difficult to detect. Because detection normally involves a particle undergoing some kind of reaction. In the case of sterile neutrinos (if they actually exist) detection is necessarily somewhat indirect as in the case of Kusenko Loewenstein.

The article mentioned other observations hinting indirectly at the conjectured existence of these squeaky clean neutrinos.

I couldn't find a recent journal publication about this, but here is something from a year ago by those two authors:
http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.4055
 
Last edited:
Space news on Phys.org
Interesting news! Maybe this can tell us some more?
http://arxiv.org/abs/0912.0552"[/URL]

[B]Dark Matter Search Using Chandra Observations of Willman 1, and a Spectral Feature Consistent with a Decay Line of a 5 keV Sterile Neutrino[/B]

Michael Loewenstein (UMD/CRESST/NASA-GSFC), Alexander Kusenko (UCLA/Univ. of Tokyo)
(Submitted on 3 Dec 2009 (v1), last revised 12 May 2010 (this version, v3))
Journal reference: Astrophys.J.714:652-662,2010

Abstract: We report the results of a search for an emission line from radiatively decaying dark matter in the Chandra X-ray Observatory spectrum of the ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal galaxy Willman 1. 99% confidence line flux upper limits over the 0.4-7 keV Chandra bandpass are derived and mapped to an allowed region in the sterile neutrino mass-mixing angle plane that is consistent with recent constraints from Suzaku X-ray Observatory and Chandra observations of the Ursa Minor and Draco dwarf spheroidals. A significant excess to the continuum, detected by fitting the particle-background-subtracted source spectrum, indicates the presence of a narrow emission feature with energy 2.51 +/- 0.07 (0.11) keV and flux [3.53 +/- 1.95 (2.77)] X 10^(-6) photons/cm^2/s at 68% (90%) confidence. Interpreting this as an emission line from sterile neutrino radiative decay, we derive the corresponding allowed range of sterile neutrino mass and mixing angle using two approaches. The first assumes that dark matter is solely composed of sterile neutrinos, and the second relaxes that requirement. The feature is consistent with the sterile neutrino mass of 5.0 +/- 0.2 keV and a mixing angle in a narrow range for which neutrino oscillations can produce all of the dark matter and for which sterile neutrino emission from the cooling neutron stars can explain pulsar kicks, thus bolstering both the statistical and physical significance of our measurement.[/QUOTE]


[B]EDIT[/B]
90 papers by Alexander Kusenko, many on Sterile Neutrinos & Dark Matter:
[url]http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Kusenko_A/0/1/0/all/0/1[/url]


[B]EDIT2[/B]
Here’s a good article on Sterile Neutrinos in Nature News, 17 March 2010:
[URL]http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100317/full/464334a.html"[/URL]

And here are [PLAIN]http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Michael.Loewenstein/"[/URL] homepages.

[I]... Professor Alexander Kusenko seems to be a man with "high thoughts" ...[/I] :smile:

[ATTACH=full]139004[/ATTACH]
 

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Thanks! Your links shed additional light on the topic.
 
marcus said:
Thanks! Your links shed additional light on the topic.

You are welcome. :wink:

I’m just a 'curious layman', but one thing that 'puzzles' me is the fact that "sterile neutrinos" doesn’t interact at all with any matter or forces, except (through) gravity??

Does this mean that sterile neutrinos are very special, or does it mean that gravity is very special (and not a "member" of the other 3 fundamental interactions)...?
 
"Sterile" neutrinos are expected to expect non-gravitationally, but by interactions outside the Standard Model.

In some speculations, sterile neutrinos interact with ordinary neutrinos by neutrino-mass-matrix terms. Thus, an electron or mu or tau neutrino oscillates into one of them as it travels.

Another type of sterile neutrino is the right-handed neutrino, predicted by several GUT's.

It would give neutrinos "Dirac masses", like the masses of charged elementary fermions. However, in the Standard Model, that would require absurdly-small Higgs interaction terms. The favorite fix is the "seesaw model", which states that right-handed neutrinos also have a Majorana mass term -- a mass term that does not mix them with left-handed ones.

For Dirac mass m and Majorana mass M, the masses and states are:

m2/M: (left) - (m/M)*(right)
M - m2/M: (right) + (m/M)*(left)

So for m ~ 10 GeV and M ~ 1012 GeV, one gets a mostly-left-handed state with a Majorana-like mass around 0.1 eV, around what is observed.

The right-handed-neutrino mass is likely a result of GUT symmetry breaking; it is close to GUT energies.


Wikipedia:
Sterile neutrino
Neutrino oscillations
Seesaw mechanism
 
Yuri Pavlov and Andrey Grib at the Alexander Friedmann Laboratory for Theoretical Physics at St. Petersburg hypothesize that dark matter particles are about 15 times heavier than protons, and that they can decay into pairs of particles of a type that interacts with ordinary matter.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-energy_cosmic_ray
 

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