Aromaticity of Conjugated Ring - Counting Pi Electrons

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the confusion surrounding the number of pi electrons in a conjugated aromatic molecule, with participants initially believing there are 14 pi electrons due to 7 double bonds. However, the professor asserts there are only 10 pi electrons, leading to significant debate. Key insights reveal that the presence of central hydrogen atoms may distort the molecule's planarity, affecting its aromaticity. The term "[14]annulene" is referenced, indicating that the compound is typically recognized as having 14 pi electrons in literature, suggesting a possible miscommunication from the professor.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of aromaticity and Huckel's rule
  • Familiarity with conjugated systems and pi bonding
  • Knowledge of molecular geometry and its impact on electron delocalization
  • Experience with chemical structure analysis tools like SciFinder
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of molecular planarity on aromaticity
  • Study Huckel's rule in detail, focusing on pi electron counting
  • Examine the properties of [14]annulene and its derivatives
  • Explore the effects of substituents on the stability of conjugated systems
USEFUL FOR

Chemistry students, organic chemists, and educators seeking clarity on aromatic compounds and pi electron counting methodologies.

puddleduck
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My professor drew the following molecule on the board and asked us how many pi electrons this aromatic molecule has.

Screen Shot 2017-03-27 at 11.26.29 AM.png


Everyone in the class said 14, as there are 7 double bonds, with two pi electrons from each bond.

He told us that there are only 10 pi electrons in this molecule, refused to explain why there were 10 instead of 14, and berated us for not understanding why. My study group and I have spent the last week pouring over textbooks and websites and none of us, nor anyone in the class, can understand why there are only 10 pi electrons. So I'm turning to y'all.

What are we missing here? Can anyone give me a clue?

(And sorry for the weird drawing - the two bonds in the center of the molecule to the two hydrogens should be the same length but I was having trouble with the online drawing tool. He also didn't specify the stereochemistry of anything, so I'm not sure if they are cis or trans to each other. Would that affect it?)
 
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I'll be honest, I don't see how there could be anything other than 14 pi electrons in this molecule. The only thing I could maybe believe is that the central hydrogens distort the structure enough to make the outer ring nonplanar and therefore non-aromatic. But I wouldn't expect someone to be able to glean that from a skeletal structure like the one you were given.
 
I don't know. I think it's 14 too. There are 14 sp2 carbons. Although due to the hydrogen atoms in the middle, the orbitals would be deformed a little, but that shouldn't be significant enough to cut off the pi orbitals.
 
In the following article, they analyze the dimethyl analog, which is certainly more stable than the original compound. They also state explicitly that it is a 14 pi electronic compound.
http://www.sdsc.edu/~kimb/mscat/mitchell.html
 
A structure search in SciFinder turns up only papers referring to this as a [14]annulene. Maybe your professor is using base 14? :woot:

Edit: Just saw @DrDu got to this right before me.
 
DrDu said:
In the following article, they analyze the dimethyl analog, which is certainly more stable than the original compound. They also state explicitly that it is a 14 pi electronic compound.
http://www.sdsc.edu/~kimb/mscat/mitchell.html

Thank you for the link!

I now suspect the professor misspoke and was unwilling to admit he made an error. He has also claimed that in Huckel's rule, n = the number of pi electrons, so I take all of his scoldings with several grams of NaCl. :olduhh:
 
TeethWhitener said:
A structure search in SciFinder turns up only papers referring to this as a [14]annulene. Maybe your professor is using base 14? :woot:

Edit: Just saw @DrDu got to this right before me.

Ha! Perhaps. Thanks for the help!
 

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