Balancing Gravity and Charge (Sears and Zemansky 4th Edition)

In summary, the problem asks to find the number of electrons that must be removed from two metal spheres of equal volume and mass in order for the electrostatic force of repulsion between them to balance the force of gravitational attraction. The solution involves using the gravitational and electrostatic force equations and solving for the charge required for a balanced situation. The answer is given as 4E6 electrons, but the question asks for the number of electrons that should be removed, which should be 8.2E22 - 4E6 per sphere.
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Homework Statement



A certain metal sphere of volume 1cm^3 has a mass of 7.5g and contains 8.2 x 10^22 free electrons. How many electrons must be removed from each of two such spheres so that the electrostatic force of repulsion between them just balances the force of gravitational attraction? Assume the distance between the spheres is great enough so that the charges on them can be treated as point charges. (Problem 24-5 From University Physics Sears and Zemansky 4th Edition)

Answer in the back of the book is 4E6 electrons

Homework Equations



[itex]F_g = GMm/r^2 = Gm^2/r^2[/itex]
[itex]F_e = kQq/r^2 = kq^2/r^2[/itex]

The Attempt at a Solution



The charge needed for a balanced situation:

[itex]q = m(G/k)^2 = 6.46 x 10^-13[/itex]

[itex]n_{electrons} = q/e = 4x10^6[/itex]

... I believe that should be the number of electrons in the sphere. The book gives that number as the answer, but the question asks how many should be removed. Shouldn't the answer be 8.2E22 - 4E6 (per sphere)? Any idea where I'm going wrong?

Thanks.
 
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  • #2
Your numbers look good, put them back in your force equations and see if you get roughly the same force. Let R = 1. So two metal spheres that weigh 7.5E-3 kg and each have a net positive charge of 4E6 e will have forces that cancel.
 

1. What is the relationship between gravity and charge?

The relationship between gravity and charge is an intrinsic property of matter. Gravity is a force that exists between any two objects with mass, while charge is a property of matter that creates and responds to electromagnetic fields. The relationship between them is not fully understood, but it is believed that gravity and charge may be linked through the electromagnetic force.

2. How does balancing gravity and charge affect the behavior of objects?

Balancing gravity and charge can have a significant impact on the behavior of objects. For example, objects with opposite charges will attract each other, while objects with the same charge will repel each other. In terms of gravity, objects with greater mass will have a stronger gravitational pull on other objects. When these two forces are balanced, it can result in objects staying in a stable orbit or remaining stationary in a specific location.

3. What is the significance of balancing gravity and charge in the study of astrophysics?

Balancing gravity and charge is crucial in understanding the behavior and movement of objects in space. For example, the balance between the gravitational pull of stars and the electromagnetic forces between them can determine the stability and formation of galaxies. Additionally, balancing these forces can also explain the behavior of celestial bodies such as planets and moons in their orbits.

4. How does the concept of balancing gravity and charge relate to Einstein's theory of relativity?

Einstein's theory of relativity states that gravity is not a force between masses, but rather a curvature of space and time caused by the presence of mass and energy. This concept is closely related to balancing gravity and charge, as the balance between these forces can affect the curvature of space and time. For example, a large concentration of mass can distort the curvature of space and time, which in turn can affect the movement of objects.

5. Are there any real-life applications of balancing gravity and charge?

Yes, there are various real-life applications of balancing gravity and charge. One example is in the field of particle accelerators, where scientists use electromagnetic fields to accelerate charged particles to high speeds. Another example is in the development of new technologies, such as anti-gravity devices, which aim to manipulate the balance between gravity and charge to create levitation. Additionally, the understanding of balancing these forces is essential in the design and operation of satellites and spacecraft.

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