Using C for programming on Linux offers several advantages over macOS. Linux is free and provides a robust compiler like GCC, which enhances accessibility for developers. The use of Makefiles in Linux streamlines the build process, promoting cleaner project organization. Additionally, the open-source nature of most Linux programs allows programmers to learn from existing code, facilitating skill development. Linux supports various GUI widget libraries such as GTK+ and Qt, along with tools like Glade for UI design. Anjuta is highlighted as an effective integrated development environment (IDE) for C programming on Linux, further enhancing the development experience.