Artificial Intelligence usually revolves around modern programming languages, not binary. Example: C++, C, C#, Java, Python, Lisp, Prolog, etc. These are all names of modern day programming languages hardly anyone writes directly in binary now of days. It does however come up in assembly programming.
The higher-level modern languages eventually do become converted to binary at the lowest levels. However, most of this is automated now and transitioned to binary by a compiler, from a more human readable language.
This is dependent upon the type of language being used as certain languages are designed to work differently then others, as well as which environment this code might be running. Some hardware let's you write to it once and if you want to go back and edit it, it must be done in assembly/machine language.
Artificial Intelligence is also heavily reliant on statistics, probability, linear algebra, physics, control theory, etc. It depends however, what you describe as artificial intelligence there is usually different approaches to AI.
Two major different categories are simply the old traditional ways in which AI has been done, and cognitive AI, which relies more on neuroscience, and trying to emulate what the brain is believed to do.
However, it should be noted there is also a difference between the type of AI you see in the movies namely "strong AI" compared to what is actually being used "weak AI."