Cosmik debris is right: the gluon mediates the strong force while the W and Z bosons carry the weak force (and photons carry the EM force). The Higgs boson is involved in a process that sets a mass for certain particles, but it does not mediate the gravitational force--if the gravitational force were like the other forces, it would be mediated by something called a "graviton".
Bosons are quite varied. The most familiar one is the photon, which hopefully you have a feel for. It is massless and therefore travels relativistically (i.e. at c), and it does not interact (directly) with other photons, but couples with electromagnetic charges. Thus we observe the typical behavior of photons: they are readily generated in the processes of electrically charged particles and fly at light speed, typically unhindered, until they come into contact with some more electrically charged particles.
Compare this with another boson, the graviton: it has a mass so it travels nonrelativistically (i.e. below c), and it couples to the color charge. Unlike the photon, the gluon actually carries its own color charge (a photon has zero electrical charge), so unlike photons, gluons can interact directly with other gluons. This leads to a phenomenon where pulling apart two gluons creates more and more gluons, and can even create quark-antiquark pairs (these processes can be interpreted in terms of "gluon bundles" or "quark-gluon plasmas"), and so the force gets stronger and stronger the more you try to separate two gluons (see "asymptotic freedom"), unlike any electromagnetic interaction.
Just from the stark differences between photons and gluons, you can begin to see that bosons can have all different kinds of properties.