Boundary of {1/n : n is a natural number}

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around determining the boundary of the set A = {1/n : n is a natural number} within the real numbers R, utilizing two definitions of boundary. Participants explore the implications of each definition and the resulting conclusions about the boundary points.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification, Assumption checking, Mixed

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants examine two definitions of the boundary and their respective outcomes. The original poster notes discrepancies in results based on the definitions used. Questions arise regarding the identification of accumulation points for both the set and its complement.

Discussion Status

Some participants express confusion about the accumulation points of the complement of A, leading to further exploration of the definitions and their implications. There is an acknowledgment of the need to clarify the concept of boundary points, particularly regarding points not included in A.

Contextual Notes

Participants are working under the constraints of standard definitions in topology and are encouraged to consider the implications of each definition on the boundary of the set A.

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Homework Statement


I'm trying to figure out the the boundary of the set of all 1/n, where n is a natural number.
Consider this as a subset of R with its usual metric, nothing fancy.

Homework Equations


There are at least two "equivalent" definitions of the boundary of a set:
1. the boundary of a set A is the intersection of the closure of A and the closure of the complement of A.
2. the boundary of a set A is the set of all elements x of R (in this case) such that every neighborhood of x contains at least one point in A and one point not in A.

The Attempt at a Solution

\
The problem is that I get a different solution depending on which definition I use. Please help me find my error!

Let A = {1/n : n is a natural number}.

If I use the definition 1 above:
- closure of A = {0} union A (since 0 is the only accumulation point of A)
- complement of A = (-infty,0] union [1,infty) union ( (0,1] - {1/n: n is a natural number} )
- closure of the complement of A = (infty, 0] union [1, infty)
union ( (0,1] - {1/n: n is a natural number} )
(there are no accumulation points for the complement of A in the interval (0,1] )
- hence the boundary of A is {0,1}

However! using definition 2 it is clear that:
- every neighborhood of 0 contains a point of A (Archimedean property) and a point not in A
- if x is an element of A then every neighborhood of x contains a point contains a point of A (namely x) and a point not in A.
- hence the boundary of A is {0} union A.
 
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fluxions said:
- closure of the complement of A = (infty, 0] union [1, infty)
union ( (0,1] - {1/n: n is a natural number} )
(there are no accumulation points for the complement of A in the interval (0,1] )
- hence the boundary of A is {0,1}

This sure doesn't sound right. Why isn't for example 1/2 an accumulation point for A complement?
 
clamtrox said:
This sure doesn't sound right. Why isn't for example 1/2 an accumulation point for A complement?

Well, it most certainly is an accumulation point for A complement. Indeed, every member of A is an accumulation point for A complement. I don't know what I was thinking. Thanks!
 
So A= {1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, ...}. It should be obvious that, around each point in A is possible to construct a neighborhood with small enough radius (less than the distance to the next number in the sequence) that does not contain any other members of A. Thus, every point in A is a "boundary point". But there is one point [/b]not[/b] in A that is a boundary point of A. Can you think what that is?
 

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