Calculate acceleration of object with applied force and friction

In summary, the worker exerts a force of 450 N on a crate inclined at 38 degrees to the horizontal, while the floor exerts a frictional force of 125 N opposing the motion. The net force is determined to be 322 N, and the acceleration of the crate in the x-direction is calculated to be 0.74 ms^-2.
  • #1
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Homework Statement



A worker drags a crate across a factoryt floor by pulling on a rope tied to the crate. The worker exerts a force of 450 N on the rope, which is inclined 38 degrees to the horizontal, and the floor exerts a horizontal frictional force on 125 N that opposes the motion. You can assume the crate doesn't leave the ground.

Calculate the acceleration of the crate (mass = 310 kg).

Homework Equations



F = ma

The Attempt at a Solution



Broke the force of the pull into x and y components:

Fx = 450 cos 38 = 354 N
Fy = 450 sin 38 = 227 N

Then the friction opposes motion, so subtract that from the x component

Fx = 354 - 125 = 229 N

so the net force is [tex]\sqrt{229^2 + 227^2}[/tex] = 322 N

then, [tex]a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{322}{310} = 1.0 ms^{-2}[/tex] to 2 s.f.

However the answer given is 0.74 ms
 
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  • #2
You're doing well until

so the net force is [tex]\sqrt{229^2 + 227^2}[/tex] = 322 N

then, [tex]a = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{322}{310} = 1.0 ms^{-2}[/tex] to 2 s.f.

However the answer given is 0.74 ms

The crate does not leave the ground so the only acceleration will be in the x-direction.
 
  • #3
Ah, got it...

[tex] a = \frac{F_x}{m} = \frac{229}{310} = 0.74 [/tex]

Thanks.
 

1. How do you calculate the acceleration of an object with applied force and friction?

To calculate the acceleration of an object with applied force and friction, you will need to use Newton's second law of motion: F=ma, where F is the net force acting on the object, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration. You will also need to take into account the force of friction, which can be calculated using the coefficient of friction and the normal force. Once you have all the necessary values, you can use the formula a=(F-Ff)/m to calculate the acceleration.

2. What is the difference between applied force and frictional force?

Applied force is a force that is exerted on an object by an external source, such as a person pushing a box. Frictional force, on the other hand, is a force that acts in the opposite direction of motion and is caused by the contact between two surfaces. While applied force can increase the speed or direction of an object, frictional force will always act to slow down or stop the object's motion.

3. How does friction affect the acceleration of an object?

Friction can have a significant impact on the acceleration of an object. If the force of friction is greater than the applied force, the object will experience a negative acceleration, or deceleration. This means that the object will slow down or come to a stop. On the other hand, if the applied force is greater than the force of friction, the object will experience a positive acceleration and increase in speed.

4. Can the coefficient of friction change the acceleration of an object?

Yes, the coefficient of friction can affect the acceleration of an object. The coefficient of friction is a measure of the amount of friction between two surfaces, and it can vary depending on the material and surface conditions. A higher coefficient of friction means that there is more resistance to motion, which can result in a lower acceleration. Conversely, a lower coefficient of friction means less resistance and potentially a higher acceleration.

5. How does the mass of an object affect its acceleration with applied force and friction?

The mass of an object is a crucial factor in determining its acceleration with applied force and friction. According to Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass. This means that a larger mass will require a greater net force to achieve the same acceleration as a smaller mass. Additionally, a larger mass will also experience more resistance from friction, resulting in a lower acceleration.

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