Calculate the final velocity of an object accelerating towards a mass

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the final velocity of an object accelerating towards a mass from a distance, starting with an initial velocity. Participants explore the application of conservation of energy and gravitational potential energy in this context, while addressing the complexities introduced by changing gravitational acceleration as the distance decreases.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that the problem involves derivatives and requests a step-by-step walkthrough of the solution.
  • Another participant proposes using conservation of energy, stating that the change in kinetic energy equals the negative change in potential energy.
  • Concerns are raised about the applicability of the potential energy formula PE = mass x gravity x height, given that gravitational acceleration changes as the distance decreases.
  • A calculation is presented where an object of mass one kilogram, starting from rest at a distance of 3.8 x 10^8 meters, would impact at a velocity of 1450 m/s, disregarding air resistance.
  • Participants emphasize the need to use Newton's Law of Gravitation and the formula PE = -GMm/r, where r is the distance between the centers of the two masses, to account for the changing gravitational force.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the appropriate method to calculate the final velocity, with some advocating for conservation of energy and others insisting on the necessity of using gravitational potential energy formulas that account for varying acceleration. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing approaches presented.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight limitations in using standard potential energy formulas due to the changing nature of gravitational acceleration, indicating a need for careful consideration of the assumptions involved in their calculations.

wildkat7411
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I need to be able to calculate the final velocity of an object accelerating towards a mass from a distnce with an initial velocity. From my little knowledge of calculus, I am only a junior in high school, i have figured out that this is probably a derivative problem. But i have no knowledge of how to solve these kinds of equations. If I am right would some one please walk me through it step-by-step. If I'm wrong, please correct me and show me how to do it step by step. This is not a homework problem but a problem i made up to challenge myself. The problem is i think I am in way over my head. So any help would be amazing. Thanks
 
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No, I think all you need here is to apply conservation of energy,

\Delta KE = -\Delta PE,

where PE is the gravitational potential energy between the two objects.
 


But since acceleration due to gravity increases as the distance between the two objects decreases, you can't use PE=massxgravityxheight since the acceleration is constantly changing for a given height. or does that not matter? I worked it out and i got that an object of mass one kilogram starting from rest at a distnce of 3.8x10^8 meters would be traveling at 1450 m/s at the point of impact, disregarding air resistance.
 


wildkat7411 said:
But since acceleration due to gravity increases as the distance between the two objects decreases, you can't use PE=massxgravityxheight since the acceleration is constantly changing for a given height. or does that not matter? I worked it out and i got that an object of mass one kilogram starting from rest at a distnce of 3.8x10^8 meters would be traveling at 1450 m/s at the point of impact, disregarding air resistance.
Right, you can't use PE = mgh. Use Newton's Law of Gravitation.
 


wildkat7411 said:
But since acceleration due to gravity increases as the distance between the two objects decreases, you can't use PE=massxgravityxheight since the acceleration is constantly changing for a given height. or does that not matter? I worked it out and i got that an object of mass one kilogram starting from rest at a distnce of 3.8x10^8 meters would be traveling at 1450 m/s at the point of impact, disregarding air resistance.

No you can't. you have to use

PE = -\frac{GMm}{r}

Where r is the distance between the centers of m and M.

Just remember that \Delta PE is the difference in PE between the start of the fall and the end of the fall.
 

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